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2025-02-16T16:25:20Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 16 February 2025
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	~~'''~~Geographic Atrophy''' is a form of [[Age-related Macular Degeneration]] (AMD) that affects the [[retina]] and can lead to severe [[vision loss]] and [[blindness]]. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of [[photoreceptor cells]], [[retinal pigment epithelium]] (RPE), and [[choriocapillaris]] in the [[macula]], the part of the eye responsible for sharp, central vision.		== Geographic Atrophy ==

	~~== Causes ==~~		[[File:Fundus_geographic_atrophy.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Fundus image showing geographic atrophy]]
	The exact cause of Geographic Atrophy is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with the aging process and the cumulative effect of oxidative stress on the retinal tissues. Other risk factors include [[~~genetics]~~]~~, [[smoking~~]~~], and [[nutrition]].~~

	== ~~Symptoms~~ ==		'''Geographic atrophy''' (GA) is an advanced form of [[age-related macular degeneration]] (AMD), a progressive eye condition that affects the [[retina]]. It is characterized by the degeneration of the [[retinal pigment epithelium]] (RPE) and the overlying [[photoreceptors]], leading to a gradual loss of [[central vision]].
	~~The primary symptom of~~ Geographic ~~Atrophy~~ is a ~~gradual~~ loss of central vision ~~in one or~~ both eyes~~. This can make it difficult to read~~, ~~drive, or recognize faces~~. ~~Other symptoms may~~ include difficulty ~~adapting to low light levels~~, ~~needing increasingly bright light to see up close~~, and ~~decreased intensity or brightness~~ of ~~colors~~.
			== Pathophysiology ==

			Geographic atrophy occurs when there is a progressive loss of the RPE, which is crucial for the maintenance and function of the [[photoreceptor cells]]. The RPE provides essential support to the photoreceptors, including the recycling of [[visual pigments]] and the phagocytosis of [[photoreceptor outer segments]]. In GA, the degeneration of the RPE leads to the death of the overlying photoreceptors, resulting in areas of atrophy that appear as well-demarcated regions on the [[fundus]] of the eye.

			== Clinical Features ==

			Patients with geographic atrophy typically experience a gradual decline in central vision. The condition is often bilateral, affecting both eyes, although the severity may differ between eyes. Symptoms include difficulty reading, recognizing faces, and performing tasks that require fine visual acuity. The progression of GA can vary, with some patients experiencing a slow decline over many years, while others may have a more rapid progression.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Geographic Atrophy is diagnosed through a comprehensive [[eye examination]] that includes a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and [[optical coherence tomography]] (OCT). Other diagnostic tests may include [[fundus autofluorescence]] (FAF), [[fluorescein angiography]] (FA), and [[indocyanine green angiography]] (ICGA).

	== ~~Treatment~~ ==		The diagnosis of geographic atrophy is primarily made through a comprehensive [[eye examination]] and imaging studies. [[Optical coherence tomography]] (OCT) and [[fundus autofluorescence]] (FAF) are commonly used to assess the extent of atrophy and monitor its progression. On fundus examination, GA appears as well-defined areas of depigmentation, often with visible underlying [[choroidal vessels]].
	~~There~~ is ~~currently~~ no cure for ~~Geographic Atrophy~~. ~~Treatment is focused~~ on ~~slowing~~ the progression of the disease and ~~managing symptoms~~. ~~This~~ may ~~include~~ [[~~vitamin supplements~~]], [[~~low vision aids~~]], ~~and~~ [[~~occupational~~ therapy]] ~~to help patients adapt to their changing vision~~.
			== Management ==

			Currently, there is no cure for geographic atrophy. Management focuses on monitoring the progression of the disease and providing supportive care to optimize remaining vision. Patients may benefit from [[low vision aids]] and [[visual rehabilitation]] services. Research is ongoing to develop treatments that can slow the progression of GA, including [[gene therapy]], [[stem cell therapy]], and pharmacological interventions targeting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

			== Related Pages ==

	~~== Prognosis ==~~		* [[Age-related macular degeneration]]
	The prognosis for Geographic Atrophy varies. Some people may maintain usable vision for many years, while others may experience a rapid progression of vision loss. Regular eye exams and early detection can help manage the disease and preserve vision.		* [[Retinal pigment epithelium]]
			* [[Photoreceptor cells]]
			* [[Optical coherence tomography]]

	~~== See Also ==~~		{{Age-related macular degeneration}}
	* [[Age-related ~~Macular Degeneration]]~~
	* [[Retina]]
	* [[Vision loss]]
	* [[Blindness]]

	[[Category:Eye diseases]]		[[Category:Eye diseases]]
	[[Category:~~Age-related diseases~~]]		[[Category:Retinal disorders]]
	~~[[Category:Degenerative diseases]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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2024-02-22T02:47:43Z

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'''Geographic Atrophy''' is a form of [[Age-related Macular Degeneration]] (AMD) that affects the [[retina]] and can lead to severe [[vision loss]] and [[blindness]]. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of [[photoreceptor cells]], [[retinal pigment epithelium]] (RPE), and [[choriocapillaris]] in the [[macula]], the part of the eye responsible for sharp, central vision.

== Causes ==
The exact cause of Geographic Atrophy is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with the aging process and the cumulative effect of oxidative stress on the retinal tissues. Other risk factors include [[genetics]], [[smoking]], and [[nutrition]].

== Symptoms ==
The primary symptom of Geographic Atrophy is a gradual loss of central vision in one or both eyes. This can make it difficult to read, drive, or recognize faces. Other symptoms may include difficulty adapting to low light levels, needing increasingly bright light to see up close, and decreased intensity or brightness of colors.

== Diagnosis ==
Geographic Atrophy is diagnosed through a comprehensive [[eye examination]] that includes a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and [[optical coherence tomography]] (OCT). Other diagnostic tests may include [[fundus autofluorescence]] (FAF), [[fluorescein angiography]] (FA), and [[indocyanine green angiography]] (ICGA).

== Treatment ==
There is currently no cure for Geographic Atrophy. Treatment is focused on slowing the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. This may include [[vitamin supplements]], [[low vision aids]], and [[occupational therapy]] to help patients adapt to their changing vision.

== Prognosis ==
The prognosis for Geographic Atrophy varies. Some people may maintain usable vision for many years, while others may experience a rapid progression of vision loss. Regular eye exams and early detection can help manage the disease and preserve vision.

== See Also ==
* [[Age-related Macular Degeneration]]
* [[Retina]]
* [[Vision loss]]
* [[Blindness]]

[[Category:Eye diseases]]
[[Category:Age-related diseases]]
[[Category:Degenerative diseases]]

{{stub}}

Geographic atrophy - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import