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{{Short description|Physical constant in thermodynamics}}
{{Infobox constant
| name = Gas constant
| image =
| caption =
| symbol = R
| dimension =
| value = 8.314462618
| unit = J⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
| uncertainty = 0.000000015
}}

The '''gas constant''' (also known as the '''universal gas constant''', '''molar gas constant''', or simply '''R''') is a fundamental physical constant that appears in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the [[ideal gas law]] and the [[Nernst equation]]. It is equivalent to the [[Boltzmann constant]], but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole, i.e., the product of the Boltzmann constant and the [[Avogadro constant]].

== Definition ==
The gas constant is defined as:
: R = 8.314462618 J⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹

== Ideal Gas Law ==
The gas constant is a key component of the [[ideal gas law]], which is expressed as:
: PV = nRT
where:
* P is the [[pressure]] of the gas,
* V is the [[volume]] of the gas,
* n is the amount of substance of the gas (in [[mole (unit)|moles]]),
* R is the gas constant,
* T is the [[temperature]] of the gas (in [[kelvin]]s).

== Relation to Other Constants ==
The gas constant can be related to other fundamental constants:
: R = N_A * k_B
where:
* N_A is the [[Avogadro constant]],
* k_B is the [[Boltzmann constant]].

== Applications ==
The gas constant is used in various equations and applications in [[thermodynamics]], [[physical chemistry]], and [[statistical mechanics]]. Some of these include:
* The [[Nernst equation]] in electrochemistry,
* The [[Clausius–Clapeyron relation]] in phase transitions,
* The [[Arrhenius equation]] in chemical kinetics.

== Units ==
The gas constant has different values depending on the units used. The most common value is:
: R = 8.314462618 J⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
Other common units include:
* 0.0821 L⋅atm⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹
* 1.987 cal⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹

== See Also ==
* [[Boltzmann constant]]
* [[Avogadro constant]]
* [[Ideal gas law]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]
* [[Physical chemistry]]
* [[Statistical mechanics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Physical constants]]
[[Category:Thermodynamics]]
[[Category:Physical chemistry]]
[[Category:Statistical mechanics]]

{{physics-stub}}

Gas constant - Revision history

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