https://wikimd.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=G418 2026-04-23T00:02:26Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.44.2 https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=G418&diff=5369248&oldid=prev 2024-03-06T06:19:46Z

<p>CSV import</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:G418.svg|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;G418&#039;&#039;&#039; is an [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotic]] similar in structure to [[gentamicin]]. It is produced by the bacterium &#039;&#039;[[Micromonospora rhodorangea]]&#039;&#039;. G418 blocks [[polypeptide]] synthesis by inhibiting the [[elongation]] step in both [[prokaryotic]] and [[eukaryotic]] cells. In molecular biology, it is used as a selective agent to identify cells that have been successfully [[genetically modified]] using the [[neomycin resistance gene]] (Neo^R), which provides resistance to G418.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> G418 was first isolated in the 1970s from the bacterium &#039;&#039;[[Micromonospora rhodorangea]]&#039;&#039;. It was initially used as an antibiotic in veterinary medicine, but its use in molecular biology research has since become more prevalent.<br /> <br /> == Mechanism of Action ==<br /> G418 inhibits [[protein synthesis]] by binding to the [[ribosome]], specifically the [[30S ribosomal subunit]], and causing misreading of the [[mRNA]] template. This results in the production of non-functional or toxic peptides, leading to cell death. <br /> <br /> == Use in Molecular Biology ==<br /> In molecular biology, G418 is used as a selective agent to identify cells that have been successfully genetically modified. The [[neomycin resistance gene]] (Neo^R) is often included in the [[DNA]] construct that is introduced into the cells. This gene codes for an [[aminoglycoside phosphotransferase]] enzyme that can inactivate G418 by phosphorylation. Cells that have incorporated the Neo^R gene into their genome will be resistant to G418, while non-transformed cells will be sensitive to the antibiotic and will die.<br /> <br /> == Safety and Toxicity ==<br /> Like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, G418 can be toxic to humans. It can cause damage to the kidneys and the auditory nerve, leading to [[nephrotoxicity]] and [[ototoxicity]], respectively. Therefore, it should be handled with care in the laboratory.<br /> <br /> == See Also ==<br /> * [[Aminoglycoside]]<br /> * [[Antibiotic]]<br /> * [[Gentamicin]]<br /> * [[Neomycin resistance gene]]<br /> * [[Protein synthesis]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Antibiotics]]<br /> [[Category:Aminoglycosides]]<br /> [[Category:Molecular biology]]<br /> [[Category:Genetic engineering]]<br /> {{Antibiotics-stub}}<br /> {{MolecularBio-stub}}<br /> {{Genetics-stub}}</div>

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