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	~~'''Fusion gene''' is a hybrid gene that results from the combination of two previously separate~~ genes~~. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes are often found~~ in ~~cancer cells, where they can function as oncogenes.~~		{{Short description\|An article about fusion genes in genetics}}

	== ~~Formation~~ of Fusion ~~Genes ==~~		==Overview==
			A '''fusion gene''' is a hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes. It can occur as a result of [[chromosomal rearrangement]]s such as [[translocation]], [[interstitial deletion]], or [[chromosomal inversion]]. Fusion genes are often associated with [[cancer]] and can be used as [[biomarkers]] for diagnosis and treatment.

	Fusion genes are formed through ~~various genetic alterations such as~~ [[~~translocation]], [[interstitial deletion~~]], ~~or [[chromosomal inversion]]. These alterations~~ can ~~lead to the combination of two previously separate genes, resulting in a hybrid or fusion gene.~~		==Formation==
			Fusion genes are typically formed through the joining of two separate [[gene]]s, which can occur through various mechanisms:

	~~== Role in Cancer ==~~		* '''Translocation''': A segment of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.
			* '''Inversion''': A segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
			* '''Deletion''': A segment of a chromosome is lost, and the remaining parts are joined together.

	~~Fusion genes play~~ a ~~significant role in~~ the development of ~~many types of [[cancer]]. They can function~~ as [[oncogenes]], driving the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Some well-known fusion genes include BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia, EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer, and TMPRSS2-ERG in prostate cancer.		These events can lead to the creation of a new gene with novel functions, which can contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer.

	== ~~Detection~~ of Fusion ~~Genes ==~~		==Role in Cancer==
			[[File:Gene_Fusion_Types.png\|thumb\|right\|Different types of gene fusions.]]
			Fusion genes are frequently found in various types of cancer. They can lead to the production of abnormal [[protein]]s that drive the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Some well-known examples include:

	~~The detection of fusion genes can be achieved through various methods such as~~ [[~~fluorescence in situ hybridization~~]] (~~FISH~~), [[~~polymerase chain reaction~~]] (~~PCR~~), and ~~next-generation sequencing. These methods can help in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers associated with fusion genes~~.		* '''BCR-ABL''': Found in [[chronic myeloid leukemia]] (CML), resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, known as the [[Philadelphia chromosome]].
			* '''PML-RARA''': Associated with [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]] (APL), resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17.

	~~== Treatment Targeting Fusion Genes ==~~		These fusion genes can serve as targets for specific [[targeted therapy\|targeted therapies]], such as [[tyrosine kinase inhibitors]] in the case of BCR-ABL.

	Fusion genes can be ~~targeted for cancer treatment. For example~~, ~~the drug imatinib targets the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia, and crizotinib targets the EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer.~~		==Detection and Diagnosis==
			Fusion genes can be detected using various [[molecular biology]] techniques, including:

	~~== See Also ==~~		* '''[[Polymerase chain reaction\|PCR]]''': Amplifies specific DNA sequences to detect the presence of fusion genes.
			* '''[[Fluorescence in situ hybridization\|FISH]]''': Uses fluorescent probes to visualize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.
			* '''[[Next-generation sequencing\|NGS]]''': Allows for comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations, including fusion genes.

			These techniques are crucial for the accurate diagnosis and classification of cancers, as well as for guiding treatment decisions.

			==Therapeutic Implications==
			The identification of fusion genes has significant implications for the development of targeted therapies. Drugs that specifically inhibit the activity of proteins produced by fusion genes can be highly effective in treating certain cancers. For example, [[imatinib]] is a drug that targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein in CML, leading to improved patient outcomes.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Oncogene]]		* [[Oncogene]]
	* [[~~Cancer]]~~		* [[Tumor suppressor gene]]
	* [[Translocation]]		* [[Chromosomal translocation]]
	* [[Interstitial deletion]]		* [[Cancer genomics]]
	* [[Chromosomal ~~inversion~~]]
	* [[~~Fluorescence in situ hybridization]]~~
	* [[Polymerase chain reaction]]

	[[Category:Genetics]]		[[Category:Genetics]]
	[[Category:Cancer]]		[[Category:Cancer]]
	~~[[Category:Oncology]]~~

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	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~

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2024-02-23T07:36:19Z

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'''Fusion gene''' is a hybrid gene that results from the combination of two previously separate genes. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes are often found in cancer cells, where they can function as oncogenes.

== Formation of Fusion Genes ==

Fusion genes are formed through various genetic alterations such as [[translocation]], [[interstitial deletion]], or [[chromosomal inversion]]. These alterations can lead to the combination of two previously separate genes, resulting in a hybrid or fusion gene.

== Role in Cancer ==

Fusion genes play a significant role in the development of many types of [[cancer]]. They can function as [[oncogenes]], driving the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Some well-known fusion genes include BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia, EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer, and TMPRSS2-ERG in prostate cancer.

== Detection of Fusion Genes ==

The detection of fusion genes can be achieved through various methods such as [[fluorescence in situ hybridization]] (FISH), [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), and next-generation sequencing. These methods can help in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers associated with fusion genes.

== Treatment Targeting Fusion Genes ==

Fusion genes can be targeted for cancer treatment. For example, the drug imatinib targets the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia, and crizotinib targets the EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer.

== See Also ==

* [[Oncogene]]
* [[Cancer]]
* [[Translocation]]
* [[Interstitial deletion]]
* [[Chromosomal inversion]]
* [[Fluorescence in situ hybridization]]
* [[Polymerase chain reaction]]

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]

{{stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}

Fusion gene - Revision history

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