Furanose - Revision history

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	~~{{Short description\|A type of sugar molecule with a five-membered ring}}~~		= Furanose =

	~~'''Furanose''' is a term used in~~ [[~~biochemistry]] to describe a specific form of [[monosaccharide]] that contains a five~~-~~membered ring structure~~. ~~This ring is composed~~ of ~~four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, resembling the structure of [[furan~~]]~~, a heterocyclic organic compound. Furanoses are an important class of sugars that play a crucial role in the structure and function of various biological molecules.~~		[[File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Structure of Beta-D-Fructofuranose]]

	~~==Structure==~~		'''Furanose''' refers to a class of [[monosaccharides]] that contain a five-membered ring system consisting of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. This ring structure is similar to that of [[furan]], a heterocyclic organic compound, hence the name "furanose."
	~~Furanoses are characterized by their~~ five-membered ring~~, which includes~~ four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. This ring structure is ~~formed when the hydroxyl group on the fourth carbon atom~~ of a ~~sugar molecule reacts with the carbonyl group~~, ~~typically an aldehyde or ketone, resulting in a hemiacetal or hemiketal linkage. The resulting cyclic structure is more stable than the open-chain form of~~ the ~~sugar~~.

	~~[[File:Furanose_structure.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Diagram of a furanose ring structure.]]~~		== Structure ==

	~~The furanose form can exist in two anomeric configurations, known as alpha (_) and beta (_), depending on the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. In the _~~-~~anomer~~, the hydroxyl group is on the ~~opposite side of the ring compared to~~ the ~~CH_OH~~ group, ~~while~~ in ~~the _-anomer~~, ~~it is~~ on the ~~same side~~.		Furanoses are characterized by their five-membered ring, which is formed when the hydroxyl group on the fourth carbon atom reacts with the carbonyl group, typically an aldehyde or ketone, within the same molecule. This intramolecular reaction results in a hemiacetal or hemiketal linkage, depending on whether the original carbonyl group was an aldehyde or a ketone, respectively.

	~~==Examples==~~		The ring structure of furanoses can exist in different [[anomer]]ic forms, designated as alpha (α) or beta (β), depending on the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. In the β-anomer, the hydroxyl group is on the same side as the CH2OH group, while in the α-anomer, it is on the opposite side.
	~~Several important biological molecules contain furanose rings. One~~ of ~~the most well-known examples is~~ [[~~ribose~~]], ~~a component of [[ribonucleic acid]]~~ (~~RNA~~). ~~Ribose in RNA~~ is ~~typically found~~ in ~~its _~~-~~D-ribofuranose form. Another example is [[deoxyribose]]~~, ~~which is a component of [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA). Deoxyribose~~ is ~~similar to ribose but lacks an oxygen atom~~ on the ~~second carbon, and it also exists in a furanose form~~.

	==~~Biological Significance~~==		== Examples ==
	Furanoses are essential in the structure of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of genetic material in all living organisms. The furanose ring in ribose and deoxyribose forms the backbone of RNA and DNA, respectively, linking together the nucleotide bases that encode genetic information.

	~~In addition~~ to ~~their~~ role in nucleic acids, ~~furanoses~~ are ~~also found~~ in various ~~other~~ biological ~~molecules~~, including ~~certain~~ [[~~antibiotics~~]] and [[~~glycoproteins~~]]. ~~Their unique ring structure allows them~~ to ~~participate~~ in a ~~variety~~ of ~~biochemical reactions and interactions~~.		[[File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|thumb\|left\|200px\|Structure of Ribofuranose]]

			Common examples of furanoses include [[ribose]] and [[fructose]] in their furanose forms. Ribose, a component of [[ribonucleic acid]] (RNA), often exists in a furanose form known as ribofuranose. Similarly, fructose, a common sugar found in many plants, can cyclize to form a furanose ring, known as fructofuranose.

			== Biological Significance ==

			Furanoses play a crucial role in biology, particularly in the structure of nucleic acids. The furanose form of ribose is a key component of RNA, where it forms the backbone of the RNA strand by linking with phosphate groups. The flexibility and conformational properties of the furanose ring are important for the function of RNA in various biological processes, including [[protein synthesis]] and [[gene expression]].

			In addition to their role in nucleic acids, furanoses are also involved in various metabolic pathways. For example, fructofuranose is an intermediate in the [[glycolysis]] pathway, where it is phosphorylated to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a key step in the breakdown of glucose for energy production.

			== Related Pages ==

	~~==Related pages==~~
	* [[Pyranose]]		* [[Pyranose]]
	* [[Monosaccharide]]		* [[Monosaccharide]]
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	[[Category:Carbohydrates]]		[[Category:Carbohydrates]]
	~~[[Category:Monosaccharides]]~~

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	~~'''Furanose''' is a~~ type of ~~[[monosaccharide]] that has~~ a chemical structure resembling the organic compound [[furan]]. The term "furanose" derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle furan, but the furanose ring does not have double bonds, unlike furan. The furanose ring ~~structure is commonly found in nature and is very important in many biological systems.~~		{{Short description\|A type of sugar molecule with a five-membered ring}}

	~~== Structure~~ and ~~Formation ==~~		'''Furanose''' is a term used in [[biochemistry]] to describe a specific form of [[monosaccharide]] that contains a five-membered ring structure. This ring is composed of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, resembling the structure of [[furan]], a heterocyclic organic compound. Furanoses are an important class of sugars that play a crucial role in the structure and function of various biological molecules.

	~~Furanose forms a~~ five-membered ring, ~~similar to the structure of furan~~. This ring is formed ~~through a process known as [[ring closure]], where a [[carbonyl]]~~ group in the sugar reacts with ~~a hydroxyl~~ group ~~to form~~ a hemiacetal or hemiketal~~, creating~~ the ~~ring structure~~.		==Structure==
			Furanoses are characterized by their five-membered ring, which includes four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. This ring structure is formed when the hydroxyl group on the fourth carbon atom of a sugar molecule reacts with the carbonyl group, typically an aldehyde or ketone, resulting in a hemiacetal or hemiketal linkage. The resulting cyclic structure is more stable than the open-chain form of the sugar.

	~~The resulting structure can exist in two forms, known as anomers. These are the alpha (α) and beta (β) forms, which differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon~~. ~~The α-anomer has the hydroxyl group below the plane~~ of ~~the~~ ring~~, while the β-anomer has it above the plane~~.		[[File:Furanose_structure.png\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Diagram of a furanose ring structure.]]

	~~== Biological Importance ==~~		The furanose form can exist in two anomeric configurations, known as alpha (_) and beta (_), depending on the orientation of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. In the _-anomer, the hydroxyl group is on the opposite side of the ring compared to the CH_OH group, while in the _-anomer, it is on the same side.

	~~Furanose forms are prevalent in many biologically~~ important molecules. ~~For example,~~ the ~~furanose form of~~ [[ribose]] is a ~~key~~ component of [[~~RNA~~]] (~~ribonucleic acid~~)~~, and the furanose~~ form of [[deoxyribose]] is a ~~key~~ component of [[~~DNA~~]] (~~deoxyribonucleic acid~~).		==Examples==
			Several important biological molecules contain furanose rings. One of the most well-known examples is [[ribose]], a component of [[ribonucleic acid]] (RNA). Ribose in RNA is typically found in its _-D-ribofuranose form. Another example is [[deoxyribose]], which is a component of [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA). Deoxyribose is similar to ribose but lacks an oxygen atom on the second carbon, and it also exists in a furanose form.

	~~Furanose forms~~ are ~~also found~~ in ~~many [[oligosaccharides]] and [[polysaccharides]]~~, ~~including [[cellulose]] and [[starch]]~~. ~~These molecules play crucial roles~~ in ~~energy storage~~ and ~~structural support in many organisms~~.		==Biological Significance==
			Furanoses are essential in the structure of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of genetic material in all living organisms. The furanose ring in ribose and deoxyribose forms the backbone of RNA and DNA, respectively, linking together the nucleotide bases that encode genetic information.

	~~== See Also ==~~		In addition to their role in nucleic acids, furanoses are also found in various other biological molecules, including certain [[antibiotics]] and [[glycoproteins]]. Their unique ring structure allows them to participate in a variety of biochemical reactions and interactions.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Pyranose]]		* [[Pyranose]]
	* [[Monosaccharide]]		* [[Monosaccharide]]
	* [[~~Disaccharide~~]]		* [[Carbohydrate]]
	* [[~~Polysaccharide~~]]		* [[Nucleic acid]]

	~~[[Category:Biochemistry]]~~
	[[Category:Carbohydrates]]		[[Category:Carbohydrates]]
	[[Category:Monosaccharides]]		[[Category:Monosaccharides]]

	~~{{stub}}~~
	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose~~
	~~File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~==Furanose==~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Beta-D-Fructofuranose~~
	~~File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose		File:Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose
			File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal
			</gallery>
			==Furanose==
			<gallery>
			File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Beta-D-Fructofuranose
	File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal		File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
	{{dictionary-stub1}}		{{dictionary-stub1}}
			<gallery>
			File:Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg\|Furanose Beta-D-Fructofuranose
			File:Ribofuranose-2D-skeletal.png\|Ribofuranose 2D Skeletal
			</gallery>

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New page

'''Furanose''' is a type of [[monosaccharide]] that has a chemical structure resembling the organic compound [[furan]]. The term "furanose" derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle furan, but the furanose ring does not have double bonds, unlike furan. The furanose ring structure is commonly found in nature and is very important in many biological systems.

== Structure and Formation ==

Furanose forms a five-membered ring, similar to the structure of furan. This ring is formed through a process known as [[ring closure]], where a [[carbonyl]] group in the sugar reacts with a hydroxyl group to form a hemiacetal or hemiketal, creating the ring structure.

The resulting structure can exist in two forms, known as anomers. These are the alpha (α) and beta (β) forms, which differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon. The α-anomer has the hydroxyl group below the plane of the ring, while the β-anomer has it above the plane.

== Biological Importance ==

Furanose forms are prevalent in many biologically important molecules. For example, the furanose form of [[ribose]] is a key component of [[RNA]] (ribonucleic acid), and the furanose form of [[deoxyribose]] is a key component of [[DNA]] (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Furanose forms are also found in many [[oligosaccharides]] and [[polysaccharides]], including [[cellulose]] and [[starch]]. These molecules play crucial roles in energy storage and structural support in many organisms.

== See Also ==

* [[Pyranose]]
* [[Monosaccharide]]
* [[Disaccharide]]
* [[Polysaccharide]]

[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Carbohydrates]]
[[Category:Monosaccharides]]

{{stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}