Functional magnetic resonance imaging - Revision history

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	~~'''~~Functional ~~magnetic resonance imaging''' (~~fMRI~~) is a [[neuroimaging]] technique that allows for the visualization of brain activity. This is achieved by detecting changes in blood flow in the brain, which are associated with neural activity.~~		{{Infobox medical test
			\| name = Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			\| image =
			\| caption =
			\| synonyms = fMRI
			\| MedlinePlus =
			\| LOINC =
			}}

	~~== Overview ==~~		'''Functional magnetic resonance imaging''' ('''fMRI''') is a [[neuroimaging]] procedure that measures and maps the brain's activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases. The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast, which is sensitive to changes in the oxygenation of blood.

	fMRI ~~is based on~~ the ~~principle~~ of [[~~Blood-oxygen-level dependent~~]] ~~(BOLD) contrast~~, ~~which takes advantage of~~ the ~~fact~~ that ~~oxygenated and deoxygenated blood have different magnetic properties. When a particular area of the brain is active, there is an increased demand for oxygen, leading to an increase in~~ blood flow ~~to that area. This change in blood flow can be detected by the fMRI scanner, allowing for the visualization of brain~~ activity.		==History==
			The development of fMRI in the 1990s was a significant breakthrough in the field of [[neuroscience]]. It evolved from earlier MRI scanning technology, incorporating the understanding that blood flow and neuronal activity are linked.

	== ~~Applications~~ ==		==Principles==
			fMRI works by detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity. When a brain area is more active, it consumes more oxygen, and to meet this increased demand, blood flow increases to the active area. fMRI can thus capture images of the changing blood flow related to energy use by brain cells.

	fMRI ~~has a wide range of applications~~ in both research and clinical settings. In research, it is ~~often~~ used to ~~study~~ brain function and ~~to investigate~~ the ~~neural correlates~~ of various ~~cognitive~~ and ~~emotional processes~~. ~~In the clinical setting~~, fMRI ~~can be used to preoperatively map~~ brain ~~function~~, ~~to assess~~ the ~~effects~~ of ~~stroke or other neurological disorders~~, and ~~to study~~ the ~~progression~~ of ~~neurodegenerative diseases~~.		==Applications==
			fMRI is used in both research and clinical settings:
			* In research, fMRI is used to assess brain function, supporting studies on brain mapping and the understanding of various neurological and psychological phenomena.
			* Clinically, fMRI helps surgeons plan surgeries in critical brain areas, aids in the assessment of brain damage, and is used in the diagnosis of disorders like [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[schizophrenia]].

	== ~~Limitations~~ ==		==Procedure==
			During an fMRI scan, the patient lies on a table that slides into a large tunnel-shaped scanner. They must remain still during the scan. Typically, the scan sequences are synchronized with tasks that the subject performs, which can involve answering questions, looking at images, or listening to sounds.

	~~While fMRI is a powerful tool~~, it ~~also has several limitations~~. ~~These include its relatively low spatial resolution~~, ~~the fact that~~ it ~~only provides indirect measures of neural activity, and the susceptibility of fMRI data to various types of noise~~ and ~~artifacts~~.		==Advantages and Limitations==
			===Advantages===
			* Non-invasive and does not involve radiation, making it safe for repeated use.
			* Provides both anatomical and functional information, making it invaluable for research and clinical purposes.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		===Limitations===
			* Expensive and requires specialized equipment and personnel.
			* The presence of metal in the body can be a contraindication.
			* Limited temporal resolution compared to other methods like [[electroencephalography]] (EEG).

	* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]		==Future Directions==
	* [[Neuroimaging]]		Ongoing research in fMRI technology aims to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Advances in machine learning and data analysis are also enhancing the interpretation of fMRI data, leading to more precise brain mapping.
	* [[Blood-oxygen-level dependent]]

	== ~~References~~ ==

	~~<references />~~

	[[Category:Medical imaging]]		[[Category:Medical imaging]]
	[[Category:Neuroimaging]]		[[Category:Neuroimaging]]
	[[Category:~~Functional magnetic~~ resonance imaging]]		[[Category:Magnetic resonance imaging]]

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2024-02-23T07:35:20Z

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'''Functional magnetic resonance imaging''' (fMRI) is a [[neuroimaging]] technique that allows for the visualization of brain activity. This is achieved by detecting changes in blood flow in the brain, which are associated with neural activity.

== Overview ==

fMRI is based on the principle of [[Blood-oxygen-level dependent]] (BOLD) contrast, which takes advantage of the fact that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood have different magnetic properties. When a particular area of the brain is active, there is an increased demand for oxygen, leading to an increase in blood flow to that area. This change in blood flow can be detected by the fMRI scanner, allowing for the visualization of brain activity.

== Applications ==

fMRI has a wide range of applications in both research and clinical settings. In research, it is often used to study brain function and to investigate the neural correlates of various cognitive and emotional processes. In the clinical setting, fMRI can be used to preoperatively map brain function, to assess the effects of stroke or other neurological disorders, and to study the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

== Limitations ==

While fMRI is a powerful tool, it also has several limitations. These include its relatively low spatial resolution, the fact that it only provides indirect measures of neural activity, and the susceptibility of fMRI data to various types of noise and artifacts.

== See also ==

* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]
* [[Neuroimaging]]
* [[Blood-oxygen-level dependent]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Medical imaging]]
[[Category:Neuroimaging]]
[[Category:Functional magnetic resonance imaging]]

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