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	~~'''~~Functional group''' is a group of atoms within molecules that are involved in predictable reactions. These groups are made up of one or more atoms and are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Functional Group}}

	~~== Overview ==~~		A '''functional group''' is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for a characteristic of that compound. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. This concept is central to [[organic chemistry]] and is used to predict the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.

	Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. ~~The same functional group will undergo~~ the ~~same or similar~~ chemical ~~reaction(s) regardless~~ of the ~~size~~ of the molecule ~~it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity~~ can ~~be modified by other functional groups nearby~~.		==Overview==
			Functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They are the key structural elements that define the chemical properties of organic compounds. Functional groups are attached to the carbon backbone of organic molecules and determine the types of chemical reactions the molecule can undergo.

	== ~~Types of~~ Functional Groups ==		==Common Functional Groups==

	~~Functional groups can be classified into several broad categories including [[hydrocarbons]], [[halocarbons]], [[alcohols]]~~, [[~~aldehydes~~]]~~, [[ketones]], [[carboxylic acids]], [[esters]], [[amides]], [[amines]], [[aromatics]],~~ and [[~~heterocycles~~]]. ~~Each~~ of ~~these~~ groups ~~has unique properties and reacts in a predictable way.~~		===Hydrocarbons===
			Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds, consisting entirely of [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]]. They can be classified into several types based on the presence of functional groups:

	~~== Importance in Biochemistry ==~~		* '''Alkanes''': Saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds only. They are relatively unreactive due to the strength of the C-H and C-C bonds.

	~~Functional groups play a significant role in [[biochemistry]]~~. ~~For instance, they are responsible for the formation of [[lipids]], [[proteins]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[nucleic acids]],~~ the ~~four major types of biomolecules. The~~ functional ~~groups within these molecules interact with each other and with other molecules~~ to ~~carry out various biological processes~~.		* '''Alkenes''': Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is the functional group that imparts reactivity to alkenes.

	~~== See Also ==~~		[[File:Alkene-2D-skeletal.svg\|Alkene functional group\|thumb\|right]]

	* ~~[[Chemistry]]~~		* '''Alkynes''': Unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. The triple bond is the functional group that defines alkynes.
	* [[Organic Chemistry]]
	* [[Biochemistry]]
	* [[Molecular Biology]]

	== ~~References~~ ==		===Aromatic Compounds===
			Aromatic compounds contain a planar ring of atoms that is stabilized by resonance. The most common example is the [[benzene]] ring.

	~~<references />~~		[[File:Phenyl-group.svg\|Phenyl group, a common aromatic functional group\|thumb\|left]]

	~~{{stub}}~~		===Halides===
			Halides are compounds where a halogen atom (such as [[chlorine]], [[bromine]], or [[iodine]]) is bonded to a carbon atom. They are often used as intermediates in organic synthesis.

	[[~~Category~~:~~Chemistry]]~~		[[File:Chloroethane-skeletal.svg\|Chloroethane, an example of a halide\|thumb\|right]]
	~~[[Category:Biochemistry~~]]
	~~[[Category:Molecular Biology]]~~		===Alcohols and Ethers===
	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~		* '''Alcohols''': Compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom. They are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, affecting their solubility and boiling points.
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File~~:~~Benzyl_acetate_-_functional_groups_and_moieties.svg\|Functional~~ group		* '''Ethers''': Compounds with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They are generally less reactive than alcohols.
	~~File:Alkyl~~-~~(general~~)~~-skeletal~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~
	~~File~~:~~Ethan_Keilstrich~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~		===Carbonyl Compounds===
	~~File:Alkene-2D~~-~~skeletal.svg\|Functional group~~		Carbonyl compounds contain a carbon-oxygen double bond. This group is highly polar and reactive, making it a key functional group in many organic reactions.
	~~File:Ethylene~~.~~svg\|Functional~~ group
	~~File:Phenyl-~~group.~~svg\|Functional group~~		* '''Aldehydes''': Carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
	~~File:Cumene-skeletal.svg\|Functional group~~
	~~File~~:~~Chloroethane-skeletal.svg\|Functional~~ group		* '''Ketones''': Carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.
	~~File:Fluoromethane~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~
	~~File:Chloromethane.svg\|Functional group~~		===Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives===
	~~File~~:~~Methyl_bromide.svg\|Functional~~ group		* '''Carboxylic Acids''': Contain a carboxyl group (-COOH). They are acidic due to the ability to donate a proton from the hydroxyl group.
	~~File:Iodomethane~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~
	~~</gallery>~~		* '''Esters''': Derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkoxy group.
	==~~Functional group~~==
	~~<gallery>~~		[[File:Benzyl_acetate_-_functional_groups_and_moieties.svg\|Benzyl acetate, showing ester functional group\|thumb\|left]]
	~~File~~:~~Benzyl_acetate_-_functional_groups_and_moieties.svg\|Functional~~ group
	~~File:Alkyl~~-~~(general~~)~~-skeletal~~.~~svg\|Functional~~ group		===Amines and Amides===
	~~File~~:~~Ethan_Keilstrich~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~		* '''Amines''': Contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. They are basic and can participate in hydrogen bonding.
	File:~~Alkene~~-~~2D-skeletal~~.svg\|~~Functional~~ group
	~~File~~:~~Ethylene~~.~~svg\|Functional group~~		* '''Amides''': Derived from carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine group.
	~~File~~:~~Phenyl-~~group.~~svg\|~~Functional ~~group~~
	~~File:Cumene-skeletal.svg\|Functional group~~		==Importance in Chemistry==
	~~File:Chloroethane-skeletal.svg\|Functional group~~		Functional groups are crucial in the study of organic chemistry because they determine the reactivity and properties of molecules. By understanding functional groups, chemists can predict how a molecule will react under certain conditions, design new molecules with desired properties, and synthesize complex organic compounds.
	~~File:Fluoromethane.svg\|Functional group~~
	~~File:Chloromethane.svg\|Functional group~~		==Related Pages==
	~~File:Methyl_bromide.svg\|Functional group~~		* [[Organic chemistry]]
	~~File~~:~~Iodomethane.svg\|Functional group~~		* [[Chemical reaction]]
	~~</gallery>~~		* [[Molecule]]
			* [[Hydrocarbon]]

			[[Category:Organic chemistry]]

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 File:Benzyl_acetate_-_functional_groups_and_moieties.svg|Functional group

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	[[Category:Molecular Biology]]		[[Category:Molecular Biology]]
	{{dictionary-stub1}}		{{dictionary-stub1}}
			<gallery>
			File:Benzyl_acetate_-_functional_groups_and_moieties.svg\|Functional group
			File:Alkyl-(general)-skeletal.svg\|Functional group
			File:Ethan_Keilstrich.svg\|Functional group
			File:Alkene-2D-skeletal.svg\|Functional group
			File:Ethylene.svg\|Functional group
			File:Phenyl-group.svg\|Functional group
			File:Cumene-skeletal.svg\|Functional group
			File:Chloroethane-skeletal.svg\|Functional group
			File:Fluoromethane.svg\|Functional group
			File:Chloromethane.svg\|Functional group
			File:Methyl_bromide.svg\|Functional group
			File:Iodomethane.svg\|Functional group
			</gallery>

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'''Functional group''' is a group of atoms within molecules that are involved in predictable reactions. These groups are made up of one or more atoms and are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.

== Overview ==

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified by other functional groups nearby.

== Types of Functional Groups ==

Functional groups can be classified into several broad categories including [[hydrocarbons]], [[halocarbons]], [[alcohols]], [[aldehydes]], [[ketones]], [[carboxylic acids]], [[esters]], [[amides]], [[amines]], [[aromatics]], and [[heterocycles]]. Each of these groups has unique properties and reacts in a predictable way.

== Importance in Biochemistry ==

Functional groups play a significant role in [[biochemistry]]. For instance, they are responsible for the formation of [[lipids]], [[proteins]], [[carbohydrates]], and [[nucleic acids]], the four major types of biomolecules. The functional groups within these molecules interact with each other and with other molecules to carry out various biological processes.

== See Also ==

* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Organic Chemistry]]
* [[Biochemistry]]
* [[Molecular Biology]]

== References ==

<references />

{{stub}}

[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Molecular Biology]]
{{dictionary-stub1}}

Functional group - Revision history

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