Prab at 17:24, 18 March 2025

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'''Fortify''' is a term often used in the context of [[nutrition]] and [[food science]], referring to the process of adding [[micronutrients]] (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food. It is a strategy used to address [[malnutrition]], particularly [[deficiency diseases]] such as [[scurvy]], [[beriberi]], and [[pellagra]].

== History ==

The concept of fortifying foods has been in practice for centuries. For instance, [[iodized salt]] was introduced in the U.S. in the 1920s to combat [[goiter]], a health issue caused by iodine deficiency.

== Process ==

Fortification involves the addition of one or more essential nutrients to a food, irrespective of whether the nutrients were originally in the food before processing or not. It is done to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health.

== Types of Fortification ==

There are three types of fortification defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) and [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO):

* '''Industrial fortification''': This involves the addition of micronutrients to foods during processing. Examples include the fortification of flour with folic acid, iron, or Vitamin B12.
* '''Biofortification''': This is the process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through plant breeding, genetic modification, or agronomic practices.
* '''Home fortification''': This is a process where a micronutrient powder, tablet, or liquid is added to food at home.

== Benefits and Risks ==

Fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns. However, the process also carries risks such as toxicity from excessive consumption, and potential for exacerbating health disparities if only certain populations have access to fortified foods.

== See Also ==

* [[Food fortification]]
* [[Micronutrient]]
* [[Malnutrition]]
* [[Deficiency diseases]]

[[Category:Nutrition]]
[[Category:Food Science]]
[[Category:Public Health]]

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Fortify - Revision history

Prab at 17:24, 18 March 2025

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