Fluorescein - Revision history

Prab at 17:40, 1 April 2025

2025-04-01T17:40:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:40, 1 April 2025
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	== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==		== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

	~~<youtube>~~
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	* Fluorescein sodium '''responds to electromagnetic radiation and light between the wavelengths of 465-490 nm and fluoresces''', i.e., '''emits light at wavelengths of 520-530 nm'''.		* Fluorescein sodium '''responds to electromagnetic radiation and light between the wavelengths of 465-490 nm and fluoresces''', i.e., '''emits light at wavelengths of 520-530 nm'''.
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	* Following intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium in an aqueous solution, the unbound fraction of the fluorescein can be excited with a blue light flash from a fundus camera as it circulates through the ocular vasculature, and the yellowish green fluorescence of the dye is captured by the camera.		* Following intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium in an aqueous solution, the unbound fraction of the fluorescein can be excited with a blue light flash from a fundus camera as it circulates through the ocular vasculature, and the yellowish green fluorescence of the dye is captured by the camera.
	* '''In the fundus, the fluorescence of the dye demarcates the retinal and/or choroidal vasculature under observation, distinguishing it from adjacent areas/structures'''.		* '''In the fundus, the fluorescence of the dye demarcates the retinal and/or choroidal vasculature under observation, distinguishing it from adjacent areas/structures'''.


	[[File:Fluorescein 2.svg\|thumb\|Fluorescein 2]]		[[File:Fluorescein 2.svg\|thumb\|Fluorescein 2]]
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	This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː		This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
	'''Fluorescite'''; '''AK-Fluor'''		'''Fluorescite'''; '''AK-Fluor'''


	=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==		=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==
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	* vomiting		* vomiting
	* [[gastrointestinal distress]]		* [[gastrointestinal distress]]


	==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==		==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==
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	* Nausea and/or vomiting and [[gastrointestinal distress]] occur commonly within the first few minutes following injection. These reactions usually subside within 10 minutes.		* Nausea and/or vomiting and [[gastrointestinal distress]] occur commonly within the first few minutes following injection. These reactions usually subside within 10 minutes.
	* After administration of fluorescein sodium, skin will attain a temporary yellowish discoloration. Urine attains a bright yellow color. Discoloration of the skin usually fades in 6 to 12 hours and usually fades in urine in 24 to 36 hours.		* After administration of fluorescein sodium, skin will attain a temporary yellowish discoloration. Urine attains a bright yellow color. Discoloration of the skin usually fades in 6 to 12 hours and usually fades in urine in 24 to 36 hours.


	== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==		== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

	* {{overdose}}		{{overdose}}


	== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==		== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==
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	* It is also not known whether fluorescein sodium can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.		* It is also not known whether fluorescein sodium can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
	* Fluorescein sodium should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.		* Fluorescein sodium should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.


	=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==		=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==
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	* HYDROCHLORIC ACID		* HYDROCHLORIC ACID
	* WATER		* WATER


	== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==		== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==
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	* [[Akorn Operating Company LLC]]		* [[Akorn Operating Company LLC]]
	* Gurnee, IL		* Gurnee, IL


	== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==		== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==
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	* Fluorescite should be stored at 2°- 25°C (36°- 77°F).		* Fluorescite should be stored at 2°- 25°C (36°- 77°F).
	* Do Not Freeze.		* Do Not Freeze.

	{{coststubd}}		{{coststubd}}
	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	[[Category:Benzoic acids]]		[[Category:Benzoic acids]]
	[[Category:Fluorone dyes]]		[[Category:Fluorone dyes]]
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	[[Category:Triarylmethane dyes]]		[[Category:Triarylmethane dyes]]
	[[Category:Vinylogous carboxylic acids]]		[[Category:Vinylogous carboxylic acids]]
	~~{[stub}}~~

Kondreddy Naveen at 20:38, 25 January 2024

2024-01-25T20:38:44Z

New page

== '''What is Fluorescein?''' ==

* Fluorescein ('''Fluorescite'''; '''AK-Fluor''') is an organic compound and dye used to help in the diagnosis of a number of eye problems.
* When applied as a drop or within a strip of paper to the surface of the eye it is used to help detect eye injuries such as foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.
* When given by mouth or injection into a vein it is used to help evaluate the blood vessels in the back of the eye during [[fluorescein angiography]].

[[File:Fluorescein retinography.jpg|thumb|Fluorescein retinography]]

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=p8IvH33aaD0
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=p8IvH33aaD0
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==

* Fluorescein ('''Fluorescite'''; '''AK-Fluor''') is used in diagnostic [[fluorescein angiography]] or [[angioscopy]] of the [[retina]] and [[iris]] vasculature.

== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=7rdHTeq4BQE
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=7rdHTeq4BQE
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

* Fluorescein sodium '''responds to electromagnetic radiation and light between the wavelengths of 465-490 nm and fluoresces''', i.e., '''emits light at wavelengths of 520-530 nm'''.
* Thus, the hydrocarbon is excited by blue light and emits light that appears yellowish-green.
* Following intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium in an aqueous solution, the unbound fraction of the fluorescein can be excited with a blue light flash from a fundus camera as it circulates through the ocular vasculature, and the yellowish green fluorescence of the dye is captured by the camera.
* '''In the fundus, the fluorescence of the dye demarcates the retinal and/or choroidal vasculature under observation, distinguishing it from adjacent areas/structures'''.

[[File:Fluorescein 2.svg|thumb|Fluorescein 2]]

== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==

This medicine cannot be used in patients:
* with known [[hypersensitivity]] to fluorescein sodium or any other ingredients in this product.

== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==

* Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==

'''Initial U.S. Approval:''' 1976
* Fluorescein was first made in 1871.
* It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==

[[File:Fluorescein in ammonia solution (Part 40).jpg|thumb|Fluorescein in ammonia solution (Part 40)]]

'''Recommended dosage:'''
* The normal adult dose of FLUORESCITE® Injection 10% (100 mg/mL) is 500 mg via intravenous administration.
* For children, the dose should be calculated on the basis of 7.7 mg for each kg of actual body weight (or 35 mg for each 10 pounds of body weight) up to a maximum of 500 mg via intravenous administration.

'''Administration:'''
* Fluorescein sodium is injected into a vein.
* Most often it is injected at the inside of your elbow.
* A camera-like device takes pictures as the dye moves through the blood vessels in the back of your eye.

== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
* As Fluorescite Single use 5 mL vial containing 100 mg/mL fluorescein.
* As AK-Fluor® (fluorescein injection, USP) 10%, 100 mg/mL in a 5 mL single dose vial (3)
* AK-Fluor® (fluorescein injection, USP) 25%, 250 mg/mL in a 2 mL single dose vial

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
'''Fluorescite'''; '''AK-Fluor'''

=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==

The most common side effects of this medicine include:
* skin discoloration
* urine discoloration
* [[nausea]]
* vomiting
* [[gastrointestinal distress]]

==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==

* Caution is to be exercised in patients with a history of allergy or [[bronchial asthma]]. Caution is to be exercised in patients with a history of allergy or bronchial asthma.
* Care must be taken to avoid extravasation during injection as the high pH of fluorescein solution can result in severe local tissue damage. When significant extravasation occurs, the injection should be discontinued and conservative measures to treat damaged tissue and to relieve pain should be implemented.
* Nausea and/or vomiting and [[gastrointestinal distress]] occur commonly within the first few minutes following injection. These reactions usually subside within 10 minutes.
* After administration of fluorescein sodium, skin will attain a temporary yellowish discoloration. Urine attains a bright yellow color. Discoloration of the skin usually fades in 6 to 12 hours and usually fades in urine in 24 to 36 hours.

== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

* {{overdose}}

== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==

* It is also not known whether fluorescein sodium can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
* Fluorescein sodium should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==

* safety or effectiveness of fluorescein sodium in pediatric patients have been established.

== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==

'''Active ingredients:'''
* FLUORESCEIN SODIUM

'''Inactive Ingredients:'''
* SODIUM HYDROXIDE
* HYDROCHLORIC ACID
* WATER

== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==

'''Fluorescite® 10%:'''
* [[Alcon Laboratories Inc|Alcon Laboratories, Inc.]]
* Fort Worth, Texas 76134 USA
* a trademark of Norvatis

'''AK-Fluor:'''
'''Distributed by:'''
* [[Akorn Operating Company LLC]]
* Gurnee, IL

== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

* AK-Fluor should be stored at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
* Do not freeze.
* Fluorescite should be stored at 2°- 25°C (36°- 77°F).
* Do Not Freeze.

{{coststubd}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]
[[Category:Fluorone dyes]]
[[Category:Laser gain media]]
[[Category:Maritime signalling]]
[[Category:Phenols]]
[[Category:Staining dyes]]
[[Category:Triarylmethane dyes]]
[[Category:Vinylogous carboxylic acids]]
{[stub}}