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	{{~~Short description\|Distribution of fluid in the human body~~}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Fluid compartments}}

	~~'''~~Fluid compartments~~''' refer~~ to the ~~distinct spaces within~~ the ~~human body where fluids are contained~~. ~~These compartments are crucial for maintaining the body's [[homeostasis]] and are divided into two main categories: the [[intracellular fluid\|intracellular]] and [[extracellular fluid~~]] ~~compartments.~~		== Fluid compartments ==
			[[File:Claude_Bernard_3.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Claude Bernard, who contributed to the understanding of the internal environment.]]

	~~== Intracellular~~ Fluid ~~(ICF) ==~~		Fluid compartments are the distinct environments within the body where fluids are contained. These compartments are crucial for maintaining the body's homeostasis and are separated by semipermeable membranes that allow for the selective movement of substances.
	~~The intracellular fluid compartment is~~ the ~~fluid contained~~ within the ~~cells~~. ~~It accounts~~ for ~~about 60% of~~ the ~~total~~ body ~~water. The primary ions in the intracellular fluid~~ are ~~[[potassium]] and [[phosphate]]. The intracellular fluid is essential~~ for ~~various cellular processes, including [[metabolism]], [[protein synthesis]], and [[cell signaling]]~~.

	== ~~Extracellular Fluid (ECF)~~ ==		== Types of fluid compartments ==
	The ~~extracellular fluid compartment is the fluid outside the cells. It makes up about 40% of the total~~ body ~~water and~~ is ~~further~~ divided into two ~~sub-~~compartments:		The body is primarily divided into two main fluid compartments:
	* [[Interstitial fluid]]: This fluid surrounds the cells and provides them with nutrients and a means of waste removal. It constitutes about 75% of the extracellular fluid.
	* [[Plasma (blood)\|Plasma]]: The liquid component of [[blood]], plasma makes up about 25% of the extracellular fluid. It is crucial for transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

	== ~~Transcellular Fluid~~ ==		=== Intracellular fluid (ICF) ===
	~~A smaller portion of the extracellular~~ fluid is the ~~transcellular~~ fluid~~, which includes fluids~~ in ~~specific compartments such as~~ [[~~cerebrospinal fluid~~]], [[~~synovial fluid~~]], and ~~[[aqueous humor]]. These fluids are often involved in specialized functions~~ and are ~~not as freely exchanged with other extracellular fluids~~.		The intracellular fluid compartment is the fluid contained within cells. It accounts for about two-thirds of the total body water in humans. The ICF is rich in [[potassium]] and [[magnesium]] ions, and it contains a high concentration of proteins and other solutes that are essential for cellular processes.

	== ~~Fluid Balance~~ ==		=== Extracellular fluid (ECF) ===
	~~Maintaining~~ the ~~balance between these~~ fluid ~~compartments is vital for normal physiological function~~. ~~The movement~~ of water and ~~solutes between compartments~~ is ~~regulated by [[osmosis]], [[diffusion]], and active transport mechanisms. Disruptions in fluid balance can lead to conditions such as [[dehydration]], [[edema]], and [[electrolyte imbalance]].~~		The extracellular fluid compartment is the fluid outside of cells. It makes up about one-third of the total body water and is further divided into:

	== Related ~~Pages~~ ==		==== Interstitial fluid ====
			The interstitial fluid surrounds the cells and provides a medium for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and cells. It is similar in composition to plasma but contains less protein.

			==== Plasma ====
			[[Plasma (blood)\|Plasma]] is the liquid component of blood and is contained within the [[blood vessels]]. It is rich in proteins, such as [[albumin]], and serves as a transport medium for nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

			==== Transcellular fluid ====
			Transcellular fluid is a small portion of the ECF that is contained within epithelial-lined spaces. Examples include [[cerebrospinal fluid]], [[synovial fluid]], and [[aqueous humor]].

			== Movement between compartments ==
			The movement of fluids between compartments is governed by [[osmosis]] and [[hydrostatic pressure]]. The semipermeable membranes that separate these compartments allow for the selective passage of water and solutes, maintaining the balance of electrolytes and other substances.

			== Importance of fluid balance ==
			Maintaining the proper balance of fluids between compartments is essential for normal physiological function. Disruptions in fluid balance can lead to conditions such as [[edema]], [[dehydration]], and [[hyponatremia]].

			== Historical perspective ==
			The concept of fluid compartments and the internal environment was significantly advanced by the work of [[Claude Bernard]], a French physiologist. Bernard introduced the idea of the "milieu intérieur," emphasizing the stability of the internal environment as crucial for the survival of organisms.

			== Related pages ==
	* [[Homeostasis]]		* [[Homeostasis]]
	* [[~~Intracellular fluid]]~~		* [[Electrolyte]]
	* [[Extracellular fluid]]		* [[Osmoregulation]]
	* [[Interstitial fluid]]		* [[Claude Bernard]]
	* [[~~Plasma (blood)~~]]
	* [[~~Osmosis]]~~
	* [[Diffusion]]
	* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]

	[[Category:Physiology]]		[[Category:Physiology]]
	[[Category:Body fluids]]		[[Category:Body fluids]]
	~~[[Category:Human homeostasis]]~~

	~~{{Physiology-stub}}~~

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{{Short description|Distribution of fluid in the human body}}

'''Fluid compartments''' refer to the distinct spaces within the human body where fluids are contained. These compartments are crucial for maintaining the body's [[homeostasis]] and are divided into two main categories: the [[intracellular fluid|intracellular]] and [[extracellular fluid]] compartments.

== Intracellular Fluid (ICF) ==
The intracellular fluid compartment is the fluid contained within the cells. It accounts for about 60% of the total body water. The primary ions in the intracellular fluid are [[potassium]] and [[phosphate]]. The intracellular fluid is essential for various cellular processes, including [[metabolism]], [[protein synthesis]], and [[cell signaling]].

== Extracellular Fluid (ECF) ==
The extracellular fluid compartment is the fluid outside the cells. It makes up about 40% of the total body water and is further divided into two sub-compartments:
* [[Interstitial fluid]]: This fluid surrounds the cells and provides them with nutrients and a means of waste removal. It constitutes about 75% of the extracellular fluid.
* [[Plasma (blood)|Plasma]]: The liquid component of [[blood]], plasma makes up about 25% of the extracellular fluid. It is crucial for transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

== Transcellular Fluid ==
A smaller portion of the extracellular fluid is the transcellular fluid, which includes fluids in specific compartments such as [[cerebrospinal fluid]], [[synovial fluid]], and [[aqueous humor]]. These fluids are often involved in specialized functions and are not as freely exchanged with other extracellular fluids.

== Fluid Balance ==
Maintaining the balance between these fluid compartments is vital for normal physiological function. The movement of water and solutes between compartments is regulated by [[osmosis]], [[diffusion]], and active transport mechanisms. Disruptions in fluid balance can lead to conditions such as [[dehydration]], [[edema]], and [[electrolyte imbalance]].

== Related Pages ==
* [[Homeostasis]]
* [[Intracellular fluid]]
* [[Extracellular fluid]]
* [[Interstitial fluid]]
* [[Plasma (blood)]]
* [[Osmosis]]
* [[Diffusion]]
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]

[[Category:Physiology]]
[[Category:Body fluids]]
[[Category:Human homeostasis]]

{{Physiology-stub}}

Fluid compartments - Revision history

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