Failure to thrive - Revision history

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	== Failure to ~~Thrive~~ ==		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
	[[File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|thumb\|~~right\|CDC growth~~ chart for boys birth to 36 months, used to assess ~~growth patterns.~~]]		\| name = Failure to thrive
			\| image = [[File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|left\|thumb\|Growth chart for boys, birth to 36 months]]
			\| caption = Growth chart used to assess failure to thrive
			\| field = [[Pediatrics]]
			\| synonyms = [[Growth failure]], [[weight faltering]]
			\| symptoms = Poor weight gain, [[malnutrition]], developmental delay
			\| complications = [[Developmental delay]], [[immune deficiency]], [[short stature]]
			\| onset = Infancy or early childhood
			\| duration = Variable, depending on cause and treatment
			\| causes = [[Inadequate caloric intake]], [[malabsorption]], [[chronic illness]], [[neglect]]
			\| risks = [[Premature birth]], [[low birth weight]], [[chronic medical conditions]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Growth chart]] analysis, [[medical history]], [[physical examination]]
			\| differential = [[Celiac disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[congenital heart disease]]
			\| treatment = Nutritional support, addressing underlying causes, [[multidisciplinary approach]]
			\| prognosis = Varies; better with early intervention
			\| frequency = Common in pediatric practice
			}}
	'''Failure to thrive''' (FTT) is a medical condition observed in infants and children who do not gain weight or grow as expected. It is not a disease or disorder itself, but rather a sign of underlying issues that may be nutritional, medical, or psychosocial in nature.		'''Failure to thrive''' (FTT) is a medical condition observed in infants and children who do not gain weight or grow as expected. It is not a disease or disorder itself, but rather a sign of underlying issues that may be nutritional, medical, or psychosocial in nature.

	== Definition ==		== Definition ==

	Failure to thrive is typically defined by a child's weight being below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and sex on standardized growth charts, or a significant drop in growth percentiles, such as crossing two major percentile lines. It is important to note that FTT is a descriptive term and not a diagnosis.		Failure to thrive is typically defined by a child's weight being below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and sex on standardized growth charts, or a significant drop in growth percentiles, such as crossing two major percentile lines. It is important to note that FTT is a descriptive term and not a diagnosis.

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==

	The causes of failure to thrive can be broadly categorized into three groups:		The causes of failure to thrive can be broadly categorized into three groups:

	=== Organic Causes ===		=== Organic Causes ===

	Organic causes are related to medical conditions that affect a child's ability to take in, absorb, or utilize nutrients. These may include:		Organic causes are related to medical conditions that affect a child's ability to take in, absorb, or utilize nutrients. These may include:

	* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD)		* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD)
	* [[Cystic fibrosis]]		* [[Cystic fibrosis]]
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	* [[Chronic infections]]		* [[Chronic infections]]
	* [[Metabolic disorders]]		* [[Metabolic disorders]]

	=== Non-Organic Causes ===		=== Non-Organic Causes ===

	Non-organic causes are often related to environmental or psychosocial factors, such as:		Non-organic causes are often related to environmental or psychosocial factors, such as:

	* Inadequate caloric intake due to improper feeding techniques		* Inadequate caloric intake due to improper feeding techniques
	* Neglect or abuse		* Neglect or abuse
	* Parental mental health issues		* Parental mental health issues
	* Poverty or lack of access to food		* Poverty or lack of access to food

	=== Mixed Causes ===		=== Mixed Causes ===

	In many cases, failure to thrive results from a combination of organic and non-organic factors. For example, a child with a mild medical condition may not receive adequate nutrition due to parental misunderstanding or lack of resources.		In many cases, failure to thrive results from a combination of organic and non-organic factors. For example, a child with a mild medical condition may not receive adequate nutrition due to parental misunderstanding or lack of resources.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

	Diagnosis of failure to thrive involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:		Diagnosis of failure to thrive involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:

	* Detailed medical history		* Detailed medical history
	* Physical examination		* Physical examination
	* Growth measurements plotted on standardized growth charts		* Growth measurements plotted on standardized growth charts
	* Laboratory tests to rule out underlying medical conditions		* Laboratory tests to rule out underlying medical conditions

	~~[[File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|thumb\|left\|Failure to thrive is often assessed using growth charts like this one.]]~~

	== Management ==		== Management ==

	Management of failure to thrive depends on the underlying cause. It may involve:		Management of failure to thrive depends on the underlying cause. It may involve:

	* Nutritional interventions, such as high-calorie diets or supplements		* Nutritional interventions, such as high-calorie diets or supplements
	* Treatment of underlying medical conditions		* Treatment of underlying medical conditions
	* Psychosocial support for the family		* Psychosocial support for the family
	* Education on proper feeding techniques		* Education on proper feeding techniques

	== Prognosis ==		== Prognosis ==

	The prognosis for children with failure to thrive varies depending on the cause and the timeliness of intervention. Early identification and management can lead to significant improvements in growth and development.		The prognosis for children with failure to thrive varies depending on the cause and the timeliness of intervention. Early identification and management can lead to significant improvements in growth and development.
			== See also ==
	== ~~Related Pages~~ ==

	* [[Malnutrition]]		* [[Malnutrition]]
	* [[Pediatric nutrition]]		* [[Pediatric nutrition]]
	* [[Growth chart]]		* [[Growth chart]]
	* [[Child development]]		* [[Child development]]

	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]
	[[Category:Nutrition]]		[[Category:Nutrition]]

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-'''Failure to thrive''' (FTT) is a descriptive term rather than a diagnosis, used in pediatric, adult, and geriatric care to indicate insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss. In infants and children, it is characterized by an inability to obtain or use calories required for growth, leading to growth rates significantly below that of similar age and sex peers. In adults and the elderly, it describes a state where physical deterioration due to aging or disease leads to marked inability to maintain body weight.
+== Failure to Thrive ==
-==Definition==
+[[File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf|thumb|right|CDC growth chart for boys birth to 36 months, used to assess growth patterns.]]
-==Causes==
+'''Failure to thrive''' (FTT) is a medical condition observed in infants and children who do not gain weight or grow as expected. It is not a disease or disorder itself, but rather a sign of underlying issues that may be nutritional, medical, or psychosocial in nature.
-* '''Inadequate caloric intake:''' Poor feeding techniques, neglect, poverty, or feeding disorders.
+== Definition ==
-==Symptoms==
+Failure to thrive is typically defined by a child's weight being below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and sex on standardized growth charts, or a significant drop in growth percentiles, such as crossing two major percentile lines. It is important to note that FTT is a descriptive term and not a diagnosis.
-* Poor weight gain or weight loss
+== Causes ==
-==Diagnosis==
+The causes of failure to thrive can be broadly categorized into three groups:
-==Treatment==
+=== Organic Causes ===
-* Dietary changes to increase calorie intake
+Organic causes are related to medical conditions that affect a child's ability to take in, absorb, or utilize nutrients. These may include:
 * Treatment of underlying medical conditions
-* Supplemental feeding through oral, enteral, or parenteral methods if necessary
+* Psychosocial support for the family
-* Counseling and support for families
+* Education on proper feeding techniques
-==Prognosis==
+== Related Pages ==
-==Prevention==
+* [[Malnutrition]]
-Preventive measures for failure to thrive include ensuring adequate nutrition, regular monitoring of growth and development, and early intervention when growth concerns are identified.
+* [[Pediatric nutrition]]
 [[Category:Pediatrics]]
-[[Category:Geriatrics]]
+[[Category:Nutrition]]

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	File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 months		File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 months
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	File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 months		File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 months
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	File:CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 mths cj41c017.pdf\|Failure to thrive		File:CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 mths cj41c017.pdf\|Failure to thrive
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			File:CDC_growth_chart_boys_birth_to_36_mths_cj41c017.pdf\|CDC growth chart boys birth to 36 months
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'''Failure to thrive''' (FTT) is a descriptive term rather than a diagnosis, used in pediatric, adult, and geriatric care to indicate insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss. In infants and children, it is characterized by an inability to obtain or use calories required for growth, leading to growth rates significantly below that of similar age and sex peers. In adults and the elderly, it describes a state where physical deterioration due to aging or disease leads to marked inability to maintain body weight.

==Definition==
Failure to thrive is not a single disease or condition. Instead, it is a manifestation of undernutrition and inadequate calorie intake or absorption. In children, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) growth standards are often used as a reference for weight and height to diagnose FTT. A child may be considered to have FTT when their weight or rate of weight gain is significantly lower than that of their peers, falling below the 5th percentile on standardized growth charts without any underlying medical explanation.

==Causes==
FTT can result from a variety of causes, which can be broadly categorized into four groups: inadequate caloric intake, inadequate absorption, increased metabolism, and defective utilization. Causes may include, but are not limited to:

* '''Inadequate caloric intake:''' Poor feeding techniques, neglect, poverty, or feeding disorders.
* '''Inadequate absorption:''' Conditions such as celiac disease or cystic fibrosis that affect the body's ability to absorb nutrients.
* '''Increased metabolism:''' Chronic infections or congenital heart disease that increase the body's caloric needs.
* '''Defective utilization:''' Genetic or metabolic disorders that affect how the body uses nutrients.

==Symptoms==
Symptoms of failure to thrive may vary depending on the underlying cause but generally include:

* Poor weight gain or weight loss
* Stunted growth
* Developmental delays
* Behavioral changes
* Fatigue
* Irritability

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of failure to thrive involves a comprehensive evaluation to identify potential underlying causes. This includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, growth measurements, and possibly laboratory tests and imaging studies. The goal is to rule out or confirm any medical conditions that could be contributing to the FTT and to assess the nutritional status and feeding practices of the individual.

==Treatment==
Treatment for failure to thrive focuses on addressing the underlying cause(s) and nutritional rehabilitation. This may involve:

* Dietary changes to increase calorie intake
* Treatment of underlying medical conditions
* Supplemental feeding through oral, enteral, or parenteral methods if necessary
* Counseling and support for families

==Prognosis==
The prognosis for individuals with failure to thrive depends on the underlying cause, the age of onset, and the timeliness and effectiveness of the intervention. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

==Prevention==
Preventive measures for failure to thrive include ensuring adequate nutrition, regular monitoring of growth and development, and early intervention when growth concerns are identified.

[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Nutritional disorders]]

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