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			<gallery>
			File:Cellular_Fluid_Content.jpg\|Extracellular fluid
			File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_en.svg\|Cell membrane detailed diagram
			File:Sodium-potassium_pump_and_diffusion.png\|Sodium-potassium pump and diffusion
			File:Basis_of_Membrane_Potential2-en.svg\|Basis of membrane potential
			File:Capillary_microcirculation.svg\|Capillary microcirculation
			File:Illu_lymph_capillary.png\|Lymph capillary
			</gallery>

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'''Extracellular fluid''' ('''ECF''') denotes all body fluid outside the [[cells]] of any multicellular organism. In humans, this includes the [[blood plasma]], [[interstitial fluid]], [[lymph]] and [[cerebrospinal fluid]]. The extracellular fluid also includes the [[transcellular fluid]], which comprises of fluid contained in special body spaces, such as the [[synovial fluid]] in joints, the [[pleural fluid]] in the pleural cavities, the [[pericardial fluid]] in the cardiac sac, the [[intraocular fluid]] in the eyes, and the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] in the brain and spine.

== Composition ==

The extracellular fluid is essentially an aqueous solution containing a variety of substances, including [[electrolytes]], [[glucose]], [[oxygen]], and [[carbon dioxide]]. The electrolytes in the ECF are primarily sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate, with smaller amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The ECF also contains larger molecules such as [[proteins]] and other organic and inorganic compounds.

== Function ==

The primary function of the extracellular fluid is to provide a consistent environment for the body's cells. It allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the cells and the blood, and helps to maintain the [[acid-base balance]] in the body. The ECF also plays a crucial role in the body's [[immune response]], as it contains the [[white blood cells]] that fight off infections.

== Regulation ==

The volume and composition of the extracellular fluid are tightly regulated by a variety of mechanisms, including the [[kidneys]], which filter the blood and excrete excess water and electrolytes in the urine. The [[lungs]] also play a role in regulating the ECF, as they remove carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular metabolism) from the body and help to maintain the acid-base balance.

== Disorders ==

Disorders of the extracellular fluid can occur when there is an imbalance in the volume or composition of the ECF. This can result from a variety of conditions, including [[kidney disease]], [[heart failure]], and [[liver disease]]. Symptoms of ECF disorders can include [[edema]] (swelling), [[dehydration]], and changes in blood pressure.

[[Category:Physiology]]
[[Category:Body fluids]]
[[Category:Medical terminology]]

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Extracellular fluid - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import