https://wikimd.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=EthyleneEthylene - Revision history2026-04-26T07:05:43ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Ethylene&diff=5807680&oldid=prevPrab: CSV import2024-05-22T16:45:24Z<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D-Vector.svg|thumb|Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D-Vector.svg]] {{Short description|A hydrocarbon and the simplest alkene}}<br />
{{Infobox chemical<br />
| name = Ethylene<br />
| image = Ethylene-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png<br />
| image_size = 200px<br />
| image_caption = Ball-and-stick model of ethylene<br />
| IUPACName = Ethene<br />
| othernames = Ethene, Olefiant gas<br />
| section1 = <br />
| CasNo = 74-85-1<br />
| PubChem = 6325<br />
| ChemSpiderID = 6098<br />
| UNII = 3XKC6X75N0<br />
| KEGG = C01932<br />
| ChEBI = 18199<br />
| ChEMBL = 1232178<br />
| RTECS = KI1625000<br />
| Beilstein = 1730717<br />
| Gmelin = 56<br />
| SMILES = C=C<br />
| InChI = 1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2<br />
| InChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
| section2 = <br />
| Formula = C_2H_4<br />
| MolarMass = 28.05 g/mol<br />
| Appearance = Colorless gas<br />
| Density = 1.178 kg/m^3 (gas)<br />
| MeltingPtK = 103.9<br />
| MeltingPtC = -169.2<br />
| MeltingPtF = -272.6<br />
| BoilingPtK = 169.4<br />
| BoilingPtC = -103.7<br />
| BoilingPtF = -154.7<br />
| Solubility = 131 mg/L (at 0 °C)<br />
| section3 = <br />
| Dipole = 0 D<br />
| RefractIndex = 1.000547<br />
| Viscosity = 0.0096 cP (at 0 °C)<br />
| section4 = <br />
| Nfpa-H = 1<br />
| Nfpa-F = 4<br />
| Nfpa-R = 2<br />
| FlashPt = −136 °C<br />
| Autoignition = 450 °C<br />
| Explolimits = 2.7–36%<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ethylene''' (IUPAC name: '''ethene''') is a [[hydrocarbon]] which has the formula C_2H_4. It is a colorless [[flammable gas]] with a faint "sweet and musky" odor when pure. It is the simplest [[alkene]] (a hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds).<br />
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== Production ==<br />
Ethylene is produced in the [[petrochemical industry]] by [[steam cracking]]. In this process, [[hydrocarbon]] feedstocks such as [[ethane]], [[propane]], [[butane]], and [[naphtha]] are heated to 750–950 °C, inducing numerous free radical reactions. Ethylene is separated from the resulting complex mixture by repeated compression and distillation.<br />
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== Uses ==<br />
Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward the manufacture of [[polyethylene]], a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits. <br />
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=== Polyethylene Production ===<br />
Polyethylene, the most common plastic, is primarily produced from ethylene. It is used in a variety of products, from plastic bags to bottles and toys. The polymerization of ethylene can be carried out using different catalysts, including [[Ziegler-Natta catalyst]]s and [[metallocene]] catalysts.<br />
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=== Ethylene Oxide ===<br />
Ethylene is also used to produce [[ethylene oxide]], which is subsequently converted into [[ethylene glycol]]. Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze and in the production of [[polyester]].<br />
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=== Other Uses ===<br />
Ethylene is used in the production of [[styrene]], which is the precursor to [[polystyrene]], a common plastic material. It is also used in the production of [[vinyl chloride]], which is used to make [[polyvinyl chloride]] (PVC).<br />
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== Biological Role ==<br />
Ethylene acts as a [[plant hormone]], influencing a wide range of biological processes. It is involved in the regulation of fruit ripening, flower wilting, and leaf fall. Ethylene is produced by plants in response to stress conditions such as drought, flooding, mechanical wounding, and infection.<br />
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== Safety ==<br />
Ethylene is highly flammable and poses a significant fire and explosion hazard. It is classified as an [[asphyxiant]] gas, which can displace oxygen in the air and pose a suffocation risk in confined spaces.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Alkene]]<br />
* [[Polyethylene]]<br />
* [[Ethylene oxide]]<br />
* [[Plant hormone]]<br />
* [[Petrochemical industry]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Chemistry}}<br />
{{Hydrocarbons}}<br />
{{medicine-stub}}<br />
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[[Category:Alkenes]]<br />
[[Category:Plant hormones]]<br />
[[Category:Industrial gases]]<br />
[[Category:Petrochemicals]]<br />
[[Category:Hydrocarbons]]</div>Prab