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= Ethical Intuitionism =

'''Ethical intuitionism''' is a meta-ethical view that suggests that moral truths are known by intuition. This philosophical theory posits that humans have a natural faculty that gives us an immediate awareness of moral truths, similar to how we perceive mathematical truths or logical axioms.

== Historical Background ==
Ethical intuitionism has its roots in the works of early modern philosophers such as [[Ralph Cudworth]] and [[Henry More]], who were part of the Cambridge Platonists. However, it was in the early 20th century that ethical intuitionism gained prominence through the works of philosophers like [[G.E. Moore]], [[H.A. Prichard]], and [[W.D. Ross]].

=== G.E. Moore ===
[[G.E. Moore]] is often credited with reviving ethical intuitionism in the 20th century. In his seminal work ''[[Principia Ethica]]'', Moore argued against the "naturalistic fallacy" and proposed that "good" is a simple, indefinable quality that we know through intuition.

=== W.D. Ross ===
[[W.D. Ross]] further developed ethical intuitionism by introducing the concept of "prima facie duties" in his book ''[[The Right and the Good]]''. Ross argued that our moral intuitions reveal a set of self-evident moral principles that guide our ethical decision-making.

== Key Concepts ==

=== Intuition ===
In ethical intuitionism, intuition is understood as a direct, non-inferential awareness of moral truths. It is not based on empirical observation or logical deduction but is instead an immediate apprehension of moral facts.

=== Moral Realism ===
Ethical intuitionism is often associated with [[moral realism]], the view that there are objective moral facts that exist independently of human beliefs or perceptions.

=== Self-Evident Truths ===
Intuitionists argue that certain moral propositions are self-evident, meaning that they are known to be true without needing further justification. These truths are akin to axioms in mathematics.

== Criticisms ==
Ethical intuitionism has faced several criticisms, including:

* '''Subjectivity''': Critics argue that intuition is inherently subjective and can vary greatly between individuals, leading to conflicting moral judgments.
* '''Lack of Empirical Evidence''': Some philosophers contend that intuition lacks empirical support and cannot be reliably tested or verified.
* '''Cultural Relativism''': The diversity of moral intuitions across cultures suggests that intuitions may be culturally conditioned rather than universally valid.

== Contemporary Relevance ==
Despite criticisms, ethical intuitionism remains influential in contemporary moral philosophy. It has been defended by philosophers such as [[Robert Audi]] and [[Michael Huemer]], who argue that intuition plays a crucial role in moral epistemology.

== See Also ==
* [[Moral intuition]]
* [[Moral epistemology]]
* [[Deontological ethics]]
* [[Virtue ethics]]

== References ==
* Moore, G.E. ''Principia Ethica''. Cambridge University Press, 1903.
* Ross, W.D. ''The Right and the Good''. Oxford University Press, 1930.
* Audi, Robert. ''Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character''. Oxford University Press, 1997.

[[Category:Ethics]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Moral realism]]

Ethical intuitionism - Revision history

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