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	'''Enterobacteriaceae''' is a large family of [[Gram-negative bacteria]] that includes~~, along with many harmless symbionts,~~ many of the more familiar pathogens, such as ~~[[Salmonella]],~~ [[Escherichia coli]], [[~~Yersinia pestis~~]], [[Klebsiella]] ~~and [[Shigella]]~~. ~~Other disease-causing bacteria in~~ this family ~~include~~ [[~~Proteus~~]], ~~[[Enterobacter]], [[Serratia]], and [[Citrobacter]]. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria~~ in the ~~phylum Proteobacteria~~.		{{Short description\|A comprehensive overview of the Enterobacteriaceae family with a focus on ''Citrobacter freundii''}}

			==Overview==
			The '''Enterobacteriaceae''' is a large family of [[Gram-negative bacteria]] that includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Salmonella]]'', and ''[[Klebsiella]]''. Members of this family are commonly found in the [[intestines]] of humans and other animals, as well as in the environment.

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	Enterobacteriaceae are [[~~Gram-negative bacteria~~]]~~, as defined~~ by their ~~staining pattern in the~~ [[~~Gram stain~~]] ~~test~~, ~~which is used~~ as a ~~classification tool in microbiology~~. ~~They~~ are ~~also~~ [[~~facultatively anaerobic~~]], ~~which means they can grow in both oxygen-rich and oxygen~~-~~poor environments~~.		Enterobacteriaceae are typically rod-shaped, and they are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can grow in both the presence and absence of [[oxygen]]. They are characterized by their ability to ferment [[glucose]] and other carbohydrates, often producing gas as a byproduct. Most members of this family are motile, possessing [[flagella]], although some, like ''[[Klebsiella]]'', are non-motile.

	==~~Pathogenesis~~==		==Pathogenicity==
	~~Members of the~~ Enterobacteriaceae ~~can cause~~ a ~~wide~~ range of ~~infections~~, ~~though for most species these are uncommon. These include~~ [[urinary tract ~~infection~~]], [[~~sepsis~~]], [[~~pneumonia~~]], [[~~traveller~~'~~s diarrhea~~]], and [[~~hospital-acquired infection~~]]s.		Many Enterobacteriaceae are pathogenic, causing a range of diseases in humans and animals. For example, ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' can cause [[urinary tract infections]], [[gastroenteritis]], and [[neonatal meningitis]]. ''[[Salmonella]]'' species are well-known for causing [[food poisoning]] and [[typhoid fever]].

	==~~Treatment~~==		==''Citrobacter freundii''==
	~~Treatment depends~~ on the ~~specific~~ bacterium ~~involved~~, and ~~the site~~ and ~~severity~~ of the ~~infection. [[Antibiotics]] are a common treatment, though some Enterobacteriaceae have developed [[antibiotic resistance]]~~.		[[File:Citrobacter_freundii.jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Citrobacter freundii'' colonies on agar]]
			'''''Citrobacter freundii''''' is a species within the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. ''C. freundii'' is commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and sewage, and is also part of the normal gut flora in humans and animals.

	==~~See also~~==		===Clinical Significance===
	* [[~~Gram-negative bacteria~~]]		''Citrobacter freundii'' is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it typically does not cause disease in healthy individuals but can cause infections in those with weakened immune systems. It is associated with [[urinary tract infections]], [[respiratory tract infections]], and [[bacteremia]].

			===Antibiotic Resistance===
			''C. freundii'' is known for its ability to acquire [[antibiotic resistance]] genes, making infections difficult to treat. It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics, including [[beta-lactams]], due to the production of [[beta-lactamase]] enzymes.

			==Laboratory Identification==
			In the laboratory, Enterobacteriaceae can be identified using a variety of biochemical tests. ''Citrobacter freundii'' can be distinguished by its ability to ferment lactose slowly, produce hydrogen sulfide, and its positive [[citrate test]].

			==Related pages==
			* [[Escherichia coli]]
			* [[Salmonella]]
			* [[Klebsiella]]
	* [[Antibiotic resistance]]		* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
	* [[Sepsis]]
	* [[Pneumonia]]
	* [[Urinary tract infection]]

	[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]		[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]
	~~[[Category:Gram-negative bacteria]]~~
	~~[[Category:Bacteria families]]~~
	~~[[Category:Medicine]]~~
	~~[[Category:Microbiology]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~
	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~

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2024-02-22T23:01:26Z

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'''Enterobacteriaceae''' is a large family of [[Gram-negative bacteria]] that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as [[Salmonella]], [[Escherichia coli]], [[Yersinia pestis]], [[Klebsiella]] and [[Shigella]]. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include [[Proteus]], [[Enterobacter]], [[Serratia]], and [[Citrobacter]]. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

==Characteristics==
Enterobacteriaceae are [[Gram-negative bacteria]], as defined by their staining pattern in the [[Gram stain]] test, which is used as a classification tool in microbiology. They are also [[facultatively anaerobic]], which means they can grow in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

==Pathogenesis==
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can cause a wide range of infections, though for most species these are uncommon. These include [[urinary tract infection]], [[sepsis]], [[pneumonia]], [[traveller's diarrhea]], and [[hospital-acquired infection]]s.

==Treatment==
Treatment depends on the specific bacterium involved, and the site and severity of the infection. [[Antibiotics]] are a common treatment, though some Enterobacteriaceae have developed [[antibiotic resistance]].

==See also==
* [[Gram-negative bacteria]]
* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
* [[Sepsis]]
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Urinary tract infection]]

[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]
[[Category:Gram-negative bacteria]]
[[Category:Bacteria families]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]

{{stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}

Enterobacteriaceae - Revision history

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