Prab at 17:23, 18 March 2025

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'''Enhancer'''

An '''[[enhancer]]''' is a short region of [[DNA]] that can be bound by [[proteins]] (activators) to increase the likelihood that [[transcription]] of a particular [[gene]] will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as [[transcription factors]].

== Function ==

Enhancers can be located upstream or downstream of the gene they regulate, and can be located far away from the [[promoter]] region of the gene or even in an [[intron]] or in the [[gene]] they regulate. They do not act on the promoter region itself, but are bound by activator proteins. These proteins can then interact with the [[transcription machinery]] and [[promoter]] region through a [[protein-protein interaction]], and thus help the [[RNA polymerase]] to bind to the promoter.

== Mechanism ==

The enhancer region is first bound by proteins known as [[transcription factors]]. These factors have specific binding sites in the enhancer region. Once bound, they can interact with other proteins that are part of the transcription machinery, such as [[RNA polymerase]] and the [[general transcription factors]], which can bind to the promoter. This interaction forms a loop in the DNA, bringing the enhancer region (and bound proteins) close to the promoter, which can then increase transcription of the gene.

== Types of Enhancers ==

There are two types of enhancers based on their location relative to the gene they regulate:

* '''[[Proximal Enhancers]]''' - These are located close to the promoter of the gene they regulate.
* '''[[Distal Enhancers]]''' - These are located further away from the promoter of the gene they regulate.

== See Also ==

* [[Promoter (genetics)]]
* [[Transcription (genetics)]]
* [[Transcription factor]]
* [[Gene expression]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:DNA]]

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Enhancer - Revision history

Prab at 17:23, 18 March 2025

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