Embryonic stem cell - Revision history

Prab at 18:37, 21 February 2025

2025-02-21T18:37:29Z

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	Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into any cell type of the three [[germ layers]]: [[ectoderm]], [[endoderm]], and [[mesoderm]]. This pluripotency distinguishes them from [[multipotent]] or [[unipotent]] stem cells, which can only form a limited range of cell types.		Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into any cell type of the three [[germ layers]]: [[ectoderm]], [[endoderm]], and [[mesoderm]]. This pluripotency distinguishes them from [[multipotent]] or [[unipotent]] stem cells, which can only form a limited range of cell types.

			[[File:MESC_EBs.jpg\|thumb\|Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies]]

	ESCs are also capable of [[self-renewal]], meaning they can divide and replicate indefinitely while maintaining their undifferentiated state. This property is crucial for their potential use in [[regenerative medicine]] and [[tissue engineering]].		ESCs are also capable of [[self-renewal]], meaning they can divide and replicate indefinitely while maintaining their undifferentiated state. This property is crucial for their potential use in [[regenerative medicine]] and [[tissue engineering]].

	==Derivation==		==Derivation==

	~~[[File:ES_cell_derivation.jpeg\|thumb\|right\|Derivation of embryonic stem cells]]~~

	The derivation of embryonic stem cells involves isolating the inner cell mass from a blastocyst and culturing these cells in vitro. This process requires precise conditions to maintain the cells' pluripotency and prevent spontaneous differentiation.		The derivation of embryonic stem cells involves isolating the inner cell mass from a blastocyst and culturing these cells in vitro. This process requires precise conditions to maintain the cells' pluripotency and prevent spontaneous differentiation.
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	==Embryoid Bodies==		==Embryoid Bodies==

	~~[[File:MESC_EBs.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies]]~~

	When cultured in suspension, embryonic stem cells can form [[embryoid bodies]], which are three-dimensional aggregates that can differentiate into various cell types, mimicking early embryonic development.		When cultured in suspension, embryonic stem cells can form [[embryoid bodies]], which are three-dimensional aggregates that can differentiate into various cell types, mimicking early embryonic development.

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	== Embryonic Stem ~~Cells ==~~		Embryonic Stem Cell

	[[File:~~Stem cell diagram~~.~~svg~~\|thumb\|right\|~~Diagram of~~ stem ~~cell differentiation.~~]]		[[File:Humanstemcell.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Human embryonic stem cells]]

	'''Embryonic stem cells''' (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which point they consist of 50–150 cells.		'''Embryonic stem cells''' (ESCs) are [[pluripotent]] stem cells derived from the [[inner cell mass]] of a [[blastocyst]], an early-stage [[pre-implantation]] embryo. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which point they consist of 50–150 cells.

	=== Characteristics ===		==Characteristics==

	~~Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into any cell type of the three germ layers~~: ~~ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm~~. ~~This pluripotency distinguishes them from adult~~ stem ~~cells, which are multipotent and can only differentiate into a limited range of~~ cell types.		[[File:Stem_cells_diagram.png\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of stem cell types]]

	~~ESCs~~ are ~~also capable~~ of ~~self-renewal~~, ~~meaning they can divide~~ and ~~replicate indefinitely while maintaining their undifferentiated state~~. This ~~property is crucial for their potential use in regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury~~ or ~~disease~~.		Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into any cell type of the three [[germ layers]]: [[ectoderm]], [[endoderm]], and [[mesoderm]]. This pluripotency distinguishes them from [[multipotent]] or [[unipotent]] stem cells, which can only form a limited range of cell types.

	~~=== Sources ===~~		ESCs are also capable of [[self-renewal]], meaning they can divide and replicate indefinitely while maintaining their undifferentiated state. This property is crucial for their potential use in [[regenerative medicine]] and [[tissue engineering]].

	Embryonic stem cells are typically derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. The process involves isolating the inner cell mass and culturing it in vitro. This procedure raises ethical concerns, as it involves the destruction of the embryo.		==Derivation==

	~~=== Applications ===~~		[[File:ES_cell_derivation.jpeg\|thumb\|right\|Derivation of embryonic stem cells]]

	~~Embryonic~~ stem cells ~~hold significant promise for regenerative medicine~~. ~~They can potentially be used~~ to ~~generate~~ cells and ~~tissues for transplantation, including neurons for neurodegenerative diseases, cardiomyocytes for heart disease, and insulin-producing cells for diabetes~~.		The derivation of embryonic stem cells involves isolating the inner cell mass from a blastocyst and culturing these cells in vitro. This process requires precise conditions to maintain the cells' pluripotency and prevent spontaneous differentiation.

	~~[[File:Stem cell research.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Stem cell research in a laboratory setting.]]~~		==Applications==

	~~In addition to their~~ therapeutic ~~potential, ESCs are valuable for research purposes~~. They ~~provide a model~~ for ~~studying early human development~~, ~~understanding~~ disease ~~mechanisms~~, and ~~testing~~ new ~~drugs~~.		Embryonic stem cells hold significant promise for [[therapeutic cloning]] and regenerative medicine. They can potentially be used to generate [[tissue]]s and [[organs]] for transplantation, model [[disease]]s, and screen for new [[pharmaceuticals]].

	=== Ethical Considerations ===		==Ethical Considerations==

	The use of embryonic stem cells ~~is controversial due to~~ ethical concerns ~~regarding~~ the destruction of human ~~embryos~~. This has led to the ~~development~~ of ~~alternative methods, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are derived from adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state~~.		The use of embryonic stem cells raises ethical concerns, primarily because the process of deriving these cells involves the destruction of a human embryo. This has led to debates about the moral status of the embryo and the ethical implications of using ESCs in research and therapy.

	==~~= Challenges =~~==		==Research and Discoveries==

	~~Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed before ESCs can be widely used in clinical applications~~. ~~These include the risk of immune rejection, the potential for tumor formation~~, ~~and the need~~ for ~~precise control over differentiation.~~		[[File:Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Sir Martin Evans, Nobel Prize winner for his work on embryonic stem cells]]

	== Related Pages ==		The pioneering work of scientists such as [[Martin Evans]], who was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] for his contributions to the field, has paved the way for advancements in understanding and utilizing embryonic stem cells.

			==Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells==

			[[File:Ips_cells.png\|thumb\|right\|Induced pluripotent stem cells]]

			Research into [[induced pluripotent stem cells]] (iPSCs) has provided an alternative to embryonic stem cells. iPSCs are generated by reprogramming adult cells to a pluripotent state, thus avoiding the ethical issues associated with ESCs.

			==Embryoid Bodies==

			[[File:MESC_EBs.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies]]

			When cultured in suspension, embryonic stem cells can form [[embryoid bodies]], which are three-dimensional aggregates that can differentiate into various cell types, mimicking early embryonic development.

			==Related Pages==

	* [[Stem cell]]		* [[Stem cell]]
			* [[Pluripotency]]
			* [[Regenerative medicine]]
			* [[Therapeutic cloning]]
	* [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]]		* [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]]
	* [[Regenerative medicine]]
	* [[Blastocyst]]
	* [[Cell differentiation]]

	~~{{Stem cell research}}~~

	[[Category:Stem cells]]		[[Category:Stem cells]]
	[[Category:Developmental biology]]		[[Category:Developmental biology]]
	[[Category:Regenerative medicine]]		[[Category:Regenerative medicine]]

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	~~'''~~Embryonic stem cells''' ('''ES cells''') are [[pluripotent stem cells]] derived from the inner cell mass of a [[blastocyst]], an early-stage pre-implantation [[embryo]]. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.		== Embryonic Stem Cells ==

	~~==Characteristics==~~		[[File:Stem cell diagram.svg\|thumb\|right\|Diagram of stem cell differentiation.]]

	Embryonic stem cells ~~display two distinctive properties: [[pluripotency]] and~~ the ~~ability to [[self~~-~~renewal\|self~~-~~renew]]~~. ~~Pluripotency refers to a stem cell's ability to differentiate into any of~~ the ~~three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining~~, ~~gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system)~~.		'''Embryonic stem cells''' (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which point they consist of 50–150 cells.

	==~~Uses and Research~~==		=== Characteristics ===

	Embryonic stem cells are ~~used in various research contexts. Their main use is in [[regenerative medicine]]~~ and ~~[[tissue replacement]] after injury or disease~~. ~~These~~ cells ~~can also be used in [[drug discovery]] and [[biotoxicity]] screening~~, which can ~~play~~ a ~~significant role in [[pharmaceutical industry\|pharmaceutical development]]~~.		Embryonic stem cells are characterized by their ability to differentiate into any cell type of the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This pluripotency distinguishes them from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types.

	~~==Controversy~~ and ~~Ethics==~~		ESCs are also capable of self-renewal, meaning they can divide and replicate indefinitely while maintaining their undifferentiated state. This property is crucial for their potential use in regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease.

	The use of human embryonic stem cells evokes ethical concerns, because the blastocyst-stage embryos are destroyed in the process of obtaining the stem cells. The ethical status of embryos is a subject of intense debate and varies among different [[ethics\|ethical]] and [[cultural views]].		=== Sources ===

	==~~See Also~~==		Embryonic stem cells are typically derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. The process involves isolating the inner cell mass and culturing it in vitro. This procedure raises ethical concerns, as it involves the destruction of the embryo.
	* [[Stem cell ~~controversy~~]]
			=== Applications ===

			Embryonic stem cells hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. They can potentially be used to generate cells and tissues for transplantation, including neurons for neurodegenerative diseases, cardiomyocytes for heart disease, and insulin-producing cells for diabetes.

			[[File:Stem cell research.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Stem cell research in a laboratory setting.]]

			In addition to their therapeutic potential, ESCs are valuable for research purposes. They provide a model for studying early human development, understanding disease mechanisms, and testing new drugs.

			=== Ethical Considerations ===

			The use of embryonic stem cells is controversial due to ethical concerns regarding the destruction of human embryos. This has led to the development of alternative methods, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are derived from adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state.

			=== Challenges ===

			Despite their potential, several challenges must be addressed before ESCs can be widely used in clinical applications. These include the risk of immune rejection, the potential for tumor formation, and the need for precise control over differentiation.

			== Related Pages ==

			* [[Stem cell]]
	* [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]]		* [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]]
	* [[~~Adult stem cell~~]]		* [[Regenerative medicine]]
	* [[~~Stem cell treatments~~]]		* [[Blastocyst]]
			* [[Cell differentiation]]

	~~==References==~~		{{Stem cell research}}
	~~<references />~~

	[[Category:Stem cells]]		[[Category:Stem cells]]
	[[Category:Developmental biology]]		[[Category:Developmental biology]]
	[[Category:~~Cell biology~~]]		[[Category:Regenerative medicine]]
	~~{{biology-stub}}~~
	~~{{medicine-stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Humanstemcell.JPG\|Embryonic stem cell~~
	~~File:Stem_cells_diagram.png\|Diagram of stem cells~~
	~~File:Ips_cells.png\|Induced pluripotent stem cells~~
	~~File:The_transcriptome_of_pluripotent_cells..jpg\|Transcriptome of pluripotent cells~~
	~~File:MESC_EBs.jpg\|Mouse embryonic stem cell embryoid bodies~~
	~~File:Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg\|Martin Evans Nobel Prize~~
	~~File:Dolly_clone.svg\|Dolly the cloned sheep~~
	~~File:ES_cell_derivation.jpeg\|Embryonic stem cell derivation~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	{{biology-stub}}		{{biology-stub}}
	{{medicine-stub}}		{{medicine-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Humanstemcell.JPG\|Embryonic stem cell
			File:Stem_cells_diagram.png\|Diagram of stem cells
			File:Ips_cells.png\|Induced pluripotent stem cells
			File:The_transcriptome_of_pluripotent_cells..jpg\|Transcriptome of pluripotent cells
			File:MESC_EBs.jpg\|Mouse embryonic stem cell embryoid bodies
			File:Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg\|Martin Evans Nobel Prize
			File:Dolly_clone.svg\|Dolly the cloned sheep
			File:ES_cell_derivation.jpeg\|Embryonic stem cell derivation
			</gallery>

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New page

'''Embryonic stem cells''' ('''ES cells''') are [[pluripotent stem cells]] derived from the inner cell mass of a [[blastocyst]], an early-stage pre-implantation [[embryo]]. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.

==Characteristics==

Embryonic stem cells display two distinctive properties: [[pluripotency]] and the ability to [[self-renewal|self-renew]]. Pluripotency refers to a stem cell's ability to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system).

==Uses and Research==

Embryonic stem cells are used in various research contexts. Their main use is in [[regenerative medicine]] and [[tissue replacement]] after injury or disease. These cells can also be used in [[drug discovery]] and [[biotoxicity]] screening, which can play a significant role in [[pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical development]].

==Controversy and Ethics==

The use of human embryonic stem cells evokes ethical concerns, because the blastocyst-stage embryos are destroyed in the process of obtaining the stem cells. The ethical status of embryos is a subject of intense debate and varies among different [[ethics|ethical]] and [[cultural views]].

==See Also==
* [[Stem cell controversy]]
* [[Induced pluripotent stem cell]]
* [[Adult stem cell]]
* [[Stem cell treatments]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Stem cells]]
[[Category:Developmental biology]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
{{biology-stub}}
{{medicine-stub}}