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			<gallery>
			File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain—Etc4.svg\|Mitochondrial electron transport chain
			File:ATP-Synthase.svg\|ATP Synthase
			File:Innerworkings_of_a_thylakoid.png\|Inner workings of a thylakoid
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'''Electron Transport Chain'''

The '''Electron Transport Chain''' (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of mitochondria that generate ATP for energy.

== Overview ==

The ETC is the final pathway in the energy-yielding metabolism of aerobic organisms. It is a process of oxidative phosphorylation, using energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP. The ETC uses the electrons from electron carriers to create a chemical gradient that can be used to power oxidative phosphorylation.

== Components ==

The ETC consists of four protein complexes: Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), Complex II (Succinate dehydrogenase), Complex III (Cytochrome bc1 complex), and Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase). These complexes are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

== Function ==

The ETC functions by transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2, produced by the [[Krebs cycle]], through protein complexes to oxygen, which is reduced to water. The energy released in this process is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

== Clinical Significance ==

Defects in the ETC can lead to a number of [[Mitochondrial diseases|mitochondrial disorders]], including [[Leigh's syndrome]], [[MELAS]], and [[Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy]]. These diseases are often characterized by muscle weakness, neurological problems, and organ dysfunction.

== See Also ==

* [[Mitochondria]]
* [[Krebs cycle]]
* [[Oxidative phosphorylation]]
* [[Mitochondrial diseases]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Metabolism]]
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Electron transport chain - Revision history

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