Ectopia cordis - Revision history

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2025-04-06T01:49:37Z

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Ectopia cordis
			\| image = [[File:Humhrt2.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = Illustration of ectopia cordis
			\| synonyms =
			\| pronounce =
			\| specialty = [[Cardiology]], [[Pediatric surgery]]
			\| symptoms = Heart located outside the thoracic cavity
			\| complications = [[Infection]], [[heart failure]], [[death]]
			\| onset = [[Congenital]]
			\| duration = Lifelong
			\| types = Thoracic, Cervical, Thoracoabdominal, Abdominal
			\| causes = [[Developmental defect]] during embryogenesis
			\| risks =
			\| diagnosis = [[Prenatal ultrasound]], [[Echocardiogram]], [[MRI]]
			\| differential =
			\| prevention =
			\| treatment = [[Surgical repair]]
			\| medication =
			\| prognosis = Poor, high mortality rate
			\| frequency = Rare
			\| deaths =
			}}
	{{short description\|Congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}		{{short description\|Congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}
	~~[[File:Humhrt2.jpg\|Human heart\|thumb]]~~
	'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside of the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and has a high mortality rate due to the exposure of the heart to the external environment and the associated complications.		'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside of the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and has a high mortality rate due to the exposure of the heart to the external environment and the associated complications.

	==Classification==		==Classification==
	Ectopia cordis can be classified based on the location of the heart:		Ectopia cordis can be classified based on the location of the heart:

	* '''Cervical ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the neck region.		* '''Cervical ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the neck region.
	* '''Thoracic ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the chest but outside the rib cage.		* '''Thoracic ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the chest but outside the rib cage.
	* '''Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located between the thorax and abdomen.		* '''Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located between the thorax and abdomen.
	* '''Abdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the abdominal region.		* '''Abdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the abdominal region.

	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==
	The exact cause of ectopia cordis is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral body wall]] during embryogenesis. This failure leads to a defect in the [[sternum]] and [[pericardium]], allowing the heart to develop outside the thoracic cavity.		The exact cause of ectopia cordis is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral body wall]] during embryogenesis. This failure leads to a defect in the [[sternum]] and [[pericardium]], allowing the heart to develop outside the thoracic cavity.

	==Associated Anomalies==		==Associated Anomalies==
	Ectopia cordis is often associated with other congenital anomalies, including:		Ectopia cordis is often associated with other congenital anomalies, including:

	* [[Omphalocele]]		* [[Omphalocele]]
	* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]		* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
	* [[Congenital heart defects]]		* [[Congenital heart defects]]
	* [[Diaphragmatic hernia]]		* [[Diaphragmatic hernia]]

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Ectopia cordis can be diagnosed prenatally using [[ultrasound]] imaging. The condition is often detected during routine prenatal scans, where the abnormal position of the heart can be visualized.		Ectopia cordis can be diagnosed prenatally using [[ultrasound]] imaging. The condition is often detected during routine prenatal scans, where the abnormal position of the heart can be visualized.

	==Management==		==Management==
	Management of ectopia cordis is challenging and typically involves surgical intervention. The goals of surgery are to protect the heart, correct associated anomalies, and relocate the heart into the thoracic cavity if possible. The timing and approach to surgery depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of other anomalies.		Management of ectopia cordis is challenging and typically involves surgical intervention. The goals of surgery are to protect the heart, correct associated anomalies, and relocate the heart into the thoracic cavity if possible. The timing and approach to surgery depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of other anomalies.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis for infants with ectopia cordis is generally poor, with a high mortality rate. Survival depends on the extent of the defect, the presence of associated anomalies, and the success of surgical interventions.		The prognosis for infants with ectopia cordis is generally poor, with a high mortality rate. Survival depends on the extent of the defect, the presence of associated anomalies, and the success of surgical interventions.
			==See also==
	==~~Related pages~~==
	* [[Congenital heart defect]]		* [[Congenital heart defect]]
	* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]		* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]

Prab at 18:35, 21 February 2025

2025-02-21T18:35:25Z

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	{{short description\|Congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}		{{short description\|Congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates~~\|~~date=October 2023}}~~		[[File:Humhrt2.jpg\|Human heart\|thumb]]

	'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside of the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and has a high mortality rate due to the exposure of the heart to the external environment and the associated complications.		'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside of the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and has a high mortality rate due to the exposure of the heart to the external environment and the associated complications.

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	* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]		* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
	* [[Omphalocele]]		* [[Omphalocele]]

	~~==Gallery==~~
	~~[[File:Ectopia_cordis.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Ectopia cordis in a newborn.]]~~

	[[Category:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system]]		[[Category:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system]]
	[[Category:Rare diseases]]		[[Category:Rare diseases]]

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	{{~~Short~~ description\|~~A rare congenital~~ malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}		{{short description\|Congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation ~~characterized by the abnormal location of~~ the heart outside the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and ~~presents significant challenges for [[surgical intervention]].~~		'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation in which the heart is located partially or totally outside of the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and has a high mortality rate due to the exposure of the heart to the external environment and the associated complications.

	~~==Presentation==~~
	~~Ectopia cordis is typically diagnosed at birth or through prenatal imaging techniques such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). The~~ heart ~~may be located partially or completely outside~~ the ~~chest cavity,~~ and the ~~condition is often~~ associated ~~with defects in the [[sternum]], [[pericardium]], and [[diaphragm]]~~.

	==Classification==		==Classification==
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	* '''Thoracic ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the chest but outside the rib cage.		* '''Thoracic ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the chest but outside the rib cage.
	* '''Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located between the thorax and abdomen.		* '''Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located between the thorax and abdomen.
	* '''Abdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the abdominal cavity.		* '''Abdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the abdominal region.

			==Pathophysiology==
			The exact cause of ectopia cordis is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral body wall]] during embryogenesis. This failure leads to a defect in the [[sternum]] and [[pericardium]], allowing the heart to develop outside the thoracic cavity.

	==Associated ~~anomalies~~==		==Associated Anomalies==
	Ectopia cordis is often associated with other congenital anomalies, including:		Ectopia cordis is often associated with other congenital anomalies, including:

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	* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]		* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
	* [[Congenital heart defects]]		* [[Congenital heart defects]]
	* [[~~Cleft sternum~~]]		* [[Diaphragmatic hernia]]

	~~==Pathophysiology==~~
	The exact cause of ectopia cordis is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral body wall]] during embryogenesis. This failure leads to the incomplete closure of the thoracic cavity, allowing the heart to develop outside its normal location.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	~~Prenatal diagnosis of ectopia~~ cordis can be ~~achieved through advanced imaging techniques.~~ [[~~Ultrasound~~]] is ~~commonly used to detect the condition~~ during routine prenatal ~~screenings. [[MRI]] can provide more detailed information about~~ the ~~extent~~ of the ~~defect and associated anomalies~~.		Ectopia cordis can be diagnosed prenatally using [[ultrasound]] imaging. The condition is often detected during routine prenatal scans, where the abnormal position of the heart can be visualized.

	==Management==		==Management==
	Management of ectopia cordis is ~~complex~~ and ~~requires a multidisciplinary approach~~. ~~Surgical intervention is often necessary~~ to ~~reposition~~ the heart and ~~repair associated defects~~. The timing and ~~feasibility of~~ surgery depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of other anomalies.		Management of ectopia cordis is challenging and typically involves surgical intervention. The goals of surgery are to protect the heart, correct associated anomalies, and relocate the heart into the thoracic cavity if possible. The timing and approach to surgery depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of other anomalies.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis for ~~individuals~~ with ectopia cordis ~~varies widely and~~ depends on the ~~severity~~ of the ~~condition and~~ the presence of associated anomalies~~. In many cases~~, the ~~condition is life-threatening, and survival rates are low. However, advances in~~ surgical ~~techniques and neonatal care have improved outcomes for some patients~~.		The prognosis for infants with ectopia cordis is generally poor, with a high mortality rate. Survival depends on the extent of the defect, the presence of associated anomalies, and the success of surgical interventions.

	==Related pages==		==Related pages==
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	* [[Omphalocele]]		* [[Omphalocele]]

	[[Category:Congenital disorders]]		==Gallery==
			[[File:Ectopia_cordis.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Ectopia cordis in a newborn.]]

			[[Category:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system]]
	[[Category:Rare diseases]]		[[Category:Rare diseases]]
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Ectopia cordis.jpg\|Ectopia cordis~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	[[Category:Congenital disorders]]		[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
	[[Category:Rare diseases]]		[[Category:Rare diseases]]
			<gallery>
			File:Ectopia cordis.jpg\|Ectopia cordis
			</gallery>

Prab at 20:26, 15 February 2025

2025-02-15T20:26:37Z

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	==Presentation==		==Presentation==
	~~[[File:Ectopia_cordis.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Ectopia cordis in a newborn]]~~
	Ectopia cordis is typically diagnosed at birth or through prenatal imaging techniques such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). The heart may be located partially or completely outside the chest cavity, and the condition is often associated with defects in the [[sternum]], [[pericardium]], and [[diaphragm]].		Ectopia cordis is typically diagnosed at birth or through prenatal imaging techniques such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). The heart may be located partially or completely outside the chest cavity, and the condition is often associated with defects in the [[sternum]], [[pericardium]], and [[diaphragm]].

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	~~'''Ectopia Cordis''' is a~~ rare [[congenital~~]] condition characterized by~~ the ~~abnormal placement of the [[~~heart]] outside the [[thoracic cavity~~]]. This condition is usually associated with other congenital malformations, particularly those involving the [[diaphragm]], [[abdominal wall]], and [[pericardium]].~~		{{Short description\|A rare congenital malformation where the heart is located outside the thoracic cavity}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	~~==Etiology==~~		'''Ectopia cordis''' is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the abnormal location of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. This condition is often associated with other [[congenital disorders]] and presents significant challenges for [[surgical intervention]].

	~~The exact cause of ectopia~~ cordis is ~~unknown. However, it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the~~ [[~~ventral mesoderm~~]] ~~and the anterior body wall~~. ~~This failure leads to~~ the ~~abnormal placement of~~ the ~~heart. The~~ condition is often associated with ~~other congenital anomalies, such as~~ [[~~omphalocele~~]], [[~~gastroschisis~~]], and [[~~pectus excavatum~~]].		==Presentation==
			[[File:Ectopia_cordis.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Ectopia cordis in a newborn]]
			Ectopia cordis is typically diagnosed at birth or through prenatal imaging techniques such as [[ultrasound]] or [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI). The heart may be located partially or completely outside the chest cavity, and the condition is often associated with defects in the [[sternum]], [[pericardium]], and [[diaphragm]].

	==~~Epidemiology~~==		==Classification==
			Ectopia cordis can be classified based on the location of the heart:

	~~Ectopia~~ cordis is ~~an extremely rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 5~~.~~5 to 7~~.~~9 per million live births~~. The ~~condition~~ is ~~more common in males than~~ in ~~females~~.		* '''Cervical ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the neck region.
			* '''Thoracic ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the chest but outside the rib cage.
			* '''Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located between the thorax and abdomen.
			* '''Abdominal ectopia cordis''': The heart is located in the abdominal cavity.

	==~~Clinical Presentation~~==		==Associated anomalies==
			Ectopia cordis is often associated with other congenital anomalies, including:

	The ~~clinical presentation~~ of ectopia cordis ~~can vary greatly depending on~~ the ~~location~~ of the ~~heart~~. ~~In most cases, the heart is located outside~~ the ~~chest, either in the midline~~ of the ~~thorax or in the abdominal region. In some cases~~, the heart ~~may be located in the neck or in the cranial region. The condition is often associated with severe cardiovascular compromise, leading~~ to ~~high mortality rates~~.		* [[Omphalocele]]
			* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
			* [[Congenital heart defects]]
			* [[Cleft sternum]]

			==Pathophysiology==
			The exact cause of ectopia cordis is not well understood, but it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral body wall]] during embryogenesis. This failure leads to the incomplete closure of the thoracic cavity, allowing the heart to develop outside its normal location.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
			Prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis can be achieved through advanced imaging techniques. [[Ultrasound]] is commonly used to detect the condition during routine prenatal screenings. [[MRI]] can provide more detailed information about the extent of the defect and associated anomalies.

	~~The diagnosis~~ of ectopia cordis is ~~usually made prenatally through [[ultrasound]] imaging~~. The ~~condition can be clearly seen as~~ the ~~heart is located outside~~ the ~~normal thoracic location. Postnatal diagnosis is made through physical examination~~ and ~~imaging studies~~.		==Management==
			Management of ectopia cordis is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical intervention is often necessary to reposition the heart and repair associated defects. The timing and feasibility of surgery depend on the severity of the condition and the presence of other anomalies.
	~~==Treatment==~~

	The ~~treatment of~~ ectopia cordis ~~is surgical~~ and ~~aims to place~~ the ~~heart in~~ the ~~thoracic cavity~~ and ~~repair~~ the associated ~~defects~~. ~~The prognosis~~ is ~~generally poor due to the associated anomalies~~ and ~~the complexity of the~~ surgical ~~procedure~~.		==Prognosis==
			The prognosis for individuals with ectopia cordis varies widely and depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies. In many cases, the condition is life-threatening, and survival rates are low. However, advances in surgical techniques and neonatal care have improved outcomes for some patients.

	==~~See Also~~==		==Related pages==
	* [[Congenital heart defect]]		* [[Congenital heart defect]]
	* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]		* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
	* [[~~Thoracic surgery~~]]		* [[Omphalocele]]

	[[Category:Congenital disorders]]		[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
	[[Category:~~Cardiology~~]]		[[Category:Rare diseases]]
	~~[[Category:Pediatrics]]~~
	~~{{congenital disorders}}~~
	~~{{cardiology-stub}}~~
	~~{{pediatrics-stub}}~~

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New page

'''Ectopia Cordis''' is a rare [[congenital]] condition characterized by the abnormal placement of the [[heart]] outside the [[thoracic cavity]]. This condition is usually associated with other congenital malformations, particularly those involving the [[diaphragm]], [[abdominal wall]], and [[pericardium]].

==Etiology==

The exact cause of ectopia cordis is unknown. However, it is believed to result from a failure in the development of the [[ventral mesoderm]] and the anterior body wall. This failure leads to the abnormal placement of the heart. The condition is often associated with other congenital anomalies, such as [[omphalocele]], [[gastroschisis]], and [[pectus excavatum]].

==Epidemiology==

Ectopia cordis is an extremely rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 5.5 to 7.9 per million live births. The condition is more common in males than in females.

==Clinical Presentation==

The clinical presentation of ectopia cordis can vary greatly depending on the location of the heart. In most cases, the heart is located outside the chest, either in the midline of the thorax or in the abdominal region. In some cases, the heart may be located in the neck or in the cranial region. The condition is often associated with severe cardiovascular compromise, leading to high mortality rates.

==Diagnosis==

The diagnosis of ectopia cordis is usually made prenatally through [[ultrasound]] imaging. The condition can be clearly seen as the heart is located outside the normal thoracic location. Postnatal diagnosis is made through physical examination and imaging studies.

==Treatment==

The treatment of ectopia cordis is surgical and aims to place the heart in the thoracic cavity and repair the associated defects. The prognosis is generally poor due to the associated anomalies and the complexity of the surgical procedure.

==See Also==
* [[Congenital heart defect]]
* [[Pentalogy of Cantrell]]
* [[Thoracic surgery]]

[[Category:Congenital disorders]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
{{congenital disorders}}
{{cardiology-stub}}
{{pediatrics-stub}}