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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Dystonia
			\| image = [[File:Dystonia2010.JPG\|250px]]
			\| caption = A person with dystonia
			\| field = [[Neurology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Involuntary muscle contractions]], [[abnormal postures]], [[tremor]]
			\| onset = Varies by type
			\| duration = Long-term
			\| causes = [[Genetic]], [[environmental factors]]
			\| risks = Family history, certain [[medications]], [[brain injury]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[genetic testing]]
			\| differential = [[Parkinson's disease]], [[essential tremor]], [[cerebral palsy]]
			\| treatment = [[Botulinum toxin]], [[medications]], [[physical therapy]], [[deep brain stimulation]]
			\| prognosis = Varies; can be managed but not cured
			\| frequency = 16 per 100,000 people
			}}
	'''Dystonia''' is a [[neurological disorder]] characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which cause abnormal movements and postures. These contractions may be sustained or intermittent and can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, trunk, neck, eyelids, face, or vocal cords.		'''Dystonia''' is a [[neurological disorder]] characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which cause abnormal movements and postures. These contractions may be sustained or intermittent and can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, trunk, neck, eyelids, face, or vocal cords.

	==Etiology==		==Etiology==
	The exact cause of dystonia is unknown, but it is believed to involve the [[basal ganglia]], a part of the brain that helps control movement. Some forms of dystonia are inherited, while others may be caused by certain medications, [[oxygen deprivation]], or other medical conditions such as [[Parkinson's disease]] or [[Huntington's disease]].		The exact cause of dystonia is unknown, but it is believed to involve the [[basal ganglia]], a part of the brain that helps control movement. Some forms of dystonia are inherited, while others may be caused by certain medications, [[oxygen deprivation]], or other medical conditions such as [[Parkinson's disease]] or [[Huntington's disease]].

	==Classification==		==Classification==
	Dystonia can be classified in several ways, including by the age of onset, the body regions affected, and the cause of the disorder. The age of onset can be early (before age 21) or late (after age 21). The body regions affected can be focal (affecting a single body part), segmental (affecting two or more adjacent body parts), or generalized (affecting the entire body).		Dystonia can be classified in several ways, including by the age of onset, the body regions affected, and the cause of the disorder. The age of onset can be early (before age 21) or late (after age 21). The body regions affected can be focal (affecting a single body part), segmental (affecting two or more adjacent body parts), or generalized (affecting the entire body).

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	The symptoms of dystonia can vary greatly from person to person. They may include involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures, difficulty with movement, and pain. The symptoms can be worsened by stress or anxiety and may improve with sleep or relaxation.		The symptoms of dystonia can vary greatly from person to person. They may include involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures, difficulty with movement, and pain. The symptoms can be worsened by stress or anxiety and may improve with sleep or relaxation.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	While there is currently no cure for dystonia, there are several treatment options available to help manage the symptoms. These may include medications, [[botulinum toxin]] injections, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the dystonia, as well as the individual's overall health and lifestyle.		While there is currently no cure for dystonia, there are several treatment options available to help manage the symptoms. These may include medications, [[botulinum toxin]] injections, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the dystonia, as well as the individual's overall health and lifestyle.
			== Gallery ==
			<gallery>
			File:Hemichorea and dystonia.ogv\|Dystonia
			File:GPi DBS for cervical dystonia.pdf\|Dystonia
			</gallery>
	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Movement disorders]]		* [[Movement disorders]]
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	* [[Parkinson's disease]]		* [[Parkinson's disease]]
	* [[Huntington's disease]]		* [[Huntington's disease]]

	[[Category:Neurological disorders]]		[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
	[[Category:Movement disorders]]		[[Category:Movement disorders]]
	{{neurology-stub}}		{{neurology-stub}}
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Dystonia2010.JPG\|Dystonia~~
	~~File:Hemichorea and dystonia.ogv\|Dystonia~~
	~~File:GPi DBS for cervical dystonia.pdf\|Dystonia~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	[[Category:Movement disorders]]		[[Category:Movement disorders]]
	{{neurology-stub}}		{{neurology-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Dystonia2010.JPG\|Dystonia
			File:Hemichorea and dystonia.ogv\|Dystonia
			File:GPi DBS for cervical dystonia.pdf\|Dystonia
			</gallery>

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2024-03-03T22:18:15Z

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'''Dystonia''' is a [[neurological disorder]] characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which cause abnormal movements and postures. These contractions may be sustained or intermittent and can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, trunk, neck, eyelids, face, or vocal cords.

==Etiology==
The exact cause of dystonia is unknown, but it is believed to involve the [[basal ganglia]], a part of the brain that helps control movement. Some forms of dystonia are inherited, while others may be caused by certain medications, [[oxygen deprivation]], or other medical conditions such as [[Parkinson's disease]] or [[Huntington's disease]].

==Classification==
Dystonia can be classified in several ways, including by the age of onset, the body regions affected, and the cause of the disorder. The age of onset can be early (before age 21) or late (after age 21). The body regions affected can be focal (affecting a single body part), segmental (affecting two or more adjacent body parts), or generalized (affecting the entire body).

==Symptoms==
The symptoms of dystonia can vary greatly from person to person. They may include involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures, difficulty with movement, and pain. The symptoms can be worsened by stress or anxiety and may improve with sleep or relaxation.

==Treatment==
While there is currently no cure for dystonia, there are several treatment options available to help manage the symptoms. These may include medications, [[botulinum toxin]] injections, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the dystonia, as well as the individual's overall health and lifestyle.

==See also==
* [[Movement disorders]]
* [[Neurology]]
* [[Parkinson's disease]]
* [[Huntington's disease]]

[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Movement disorders]]
{{neurology-stub}}

Dystonia - Revision history

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