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	~~'''~~Drotaverine~~''' is a [[phosphodiesterase 4]] inhibitor, a type of [[drug]] that is primarily used as an [[antispasmodic]]. It is manufactured and marketed under several trade names worldwide.~~		{{Short description\|An article about the antispasmodic drug Drotaverine}}

	==~~Etymology~~==		==Drotaverine==
	~~The term "~~Drotaverine" is ~~derived from~~ the ~~chemical name of the drug~~, ~~which~~ is ~~1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2~~,3,~~4-tetrahydroisoquinoline~~.		[[File:Drotaverine.svg\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of Drotaverine]]
			'''Drotaverine''' is a [[medication]] used to relieve [[smooth muscle]] spasms in the [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[biliary tract]], and [[urinary tract]]. It is commonly used in the treatment of [[abdominal pain]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], and [[dysmenorrhea]].

	==Pharmacology==		==Pharmacology==
	Drotaverine is a [[phosphodiesterase 4]] ~~inhibitor~~, which ~~means it works by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). This inhibition~~ leads to an increase in cyclic ~~AMP, which~~ in ~~turn relaxes~~ smooth ~~muscle~~, ~~thus reducing muscle spasms and pain~~.		Drotaverine is a [[phosphodiesterase inhibitor]], which leads to an increase in [[cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] (cAMP) levels. This results in the relaxation of smooth muscles. Unlike other antispasmodics, drotaverine does not have [[anticholinergic]] effects, making it suitable for patients who cannot tolerate such effects.

	==~~Medical uses~~==		===Mechanism of Action===
	Drotaverine ~~is used to treat a variety of conditions that involve spasms of smooth muscle. These include~~ [[~~gastrointestinal spasm~~]], ~~[[biliary colic]], [[renal colic]], and [[cervical spasm]] during labor~~. ~~It is also used~~ in the ~~treatment~~ of ~~[[dysmenorrhea]] (painful periods)~~.		Drotaverine works by inhibiting the enzyme [[phosphodiesterase IV]], which is responsible for the breakdown of cAMP. The increase in cAMP levels leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle fibers, thereby alleviating spasms.

	==~~Side effects~~==		==Uses==
	~~Like all drugs,~~ Drotaverine ~~can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them~~. ~~Common side effects~~ include [[~~nausea~~]], [[~~vomiting~~]], [[~~dry mouth~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~vertigo~~]]~~. Less common~~ side effects include [[~~palpitations~~]], [[~~headache~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~constipation~~]].		Drotaverine is primarily used to treat conditions associated with smooth muscle spasms. These include:

			* [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
			* [[Biliary colic]]
			* [[Renal colic]]
			* [[Dysmenorrhea]]
			* [[Gastrointestinal colic]]

			==Side Effects==
			Common side effects of drotaverine include:

			* [[Nausea]]
			* [[Dizziness]]
			* [[Headache]]
			* [[Hypotension]]

	==Contraindications==		==Contraindications==
	Drotaverine should not be used in ~~people~~ with ~~severe [[heart disease]], [[liver disease]], or [[kidney disease]]. It is also contraindicated in people with a known hypersensitivity to the drug.~~		Drotaverine should not be used in patients with:

	~~==Interactions==~~		* Severe [[liver failure]]
	~~Drotaverine can interact with other drugs, including~~ [[~~levodopa~~]]~~, which is used to treat~~ [[~~Parkinson's disease~~]]~~. This interaction can lead~~ to ~~a decrease in the effectiveness of levodopa.~~		* Severe [[kidney failure]]
			* [[Hypersensitivity]] to drotaverine

	==~~See also~~==		==Administration==
	* [[~~Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor~~]]		Drotaverine is available in various forms, including [[oral tablets]], [[injectable solutions]], and [[syrups]]. The dosage and administration depend on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Antispasmodic]]		* [[Antispasmodic]]
	* [[~~Gastrointestinal spasm~~]]		* [[Phosphodiesterase inhibitor]]
	* [[~~Biliary colic]]~~		* [[Smooth muscle]]
	* [[Renal colic]]
	* [[Cervical spasm]]
	* [[Dysmenorrhea]]

			[[Category:Antispasmodics]]
	[[Category:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors]]		[[Category:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors]]
	~~[[Category:Antispasmodics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Drugs]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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2024-02-19T22:23:15Z

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'''Drotaverine''' is a [[phosphodiesterase 4]] inhibitor, a type of [[drug]] that is primarily used as an [[antispasmodic]]. It is manufactured and marketed under several trade names worldwide.

==Etymology==
The term "Drotaverine" is derived from the chemical name of the drug, which is 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.

==Pharmacology==
Drotaverine is a [[phosphodiesterase 4]] inhibitor, which means it works by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). This inhibition leads to an increase in cyclic AMP, which in turn relaxes smooth muscle, thus reducing muscle spasms and pain.

==Medical uses==
Drotaverine is used to treat a variety of conditions that involve spasms of smooth muscle. These include [[gastrointestinal spasm]], [[biliary colic]], [[renal colic]], and [[cervical spasm]] during labor. It is also used in the treatment of [[dysmenorrhea]] (painful periods).

==Side effects==
Like all drugs, Drotaverine can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[dry mouth]], and [[vertigo]]. Less common side effects include [[palpitations]], [[headache]], and [[constipation]].

==Contraindications==
Drotaverine should not be used in people with severe [[heart disease]], [[liver disease]], or [[kidney disease]]. It is also contraindicated in people with a known hypersensitivity to the drug.

==Interactions==
Drotaverine can interact with other drugs, including [[levodopa]], which is used to treat [[Parkinson's disease]]. This interaction can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of levodopa.

==See also==
* [[Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor]]
* [[Antispasmodic]]
* [[Gastrointestinal spasm]]
* [[Biliary colic]]
* [[Renal colic]]
* [[Cervical spasm]]
* [[Dysmenorrhea]]

[[Category:Phosphodiesterase inhibitors]]
[[Category:Antispasmodics]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

{{stub}}

Drotaverine - Revision history

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