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'''Disability studies''' is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of [[disability]] as a social construct. Originating in the late 20th century, it approaches disability from a social perspective, rather than a medical or individual perspective. Disability studies scholars seek to challenge the view of disability as an individual flaw or deficit, and instead focus on how society and its institutions have stigmatized and marginalized those identified as disabled.

== History ==

The field of disability studies emerged in the 1980s, primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was influenced by the [[Civil Rights Movement]], the [[Women's Rights Movement]], and the [[Gay Rights Movement]], all of which sought to challenge societal norms and promote equality. The [[Disability Rights Movement]] also played a significant role in the development of disability studies, advocating for the rights and inclusion of people with disabilities in all aspects of society.

== Theoretical Frameworks ==

Disability studies draws on several theoretical frameworks, including the [[social model of disability]], the [[medical model of disability]], and the [[cultural model of disability]]. The social model, which is the most widely used in disability studies, argues that disability is not an inherent personal characteristic, but is instead the result of societal barriers and prejudices. The medical model, on the other hand, views disability as a problem that resides in the individual and needs to be fixed or cured. The cultural model views disability as a difference that should be respected and valued, rather than as a deficit.

== Key Concepts ==

Disability studies explores several key concepts, including [[ableism]], [[accessibility]], [[inclusion]], and [[intersectionality]]. Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. Accessibility involves the design of products, devices, services, or environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible. Inclusion refers to the practice of ensuring that people with disabilities are fully integrated into all aspects of social and cultural life. Intersectionality is the concept that all aspects of a person's identity can intersect to create unique experiences of discrimination or privilege.

== Criticisms ==

While disability studies has made significant contributions to our understanding of disability, it has also faced criticisms. Some argue that it focuses too much on social and cultural aspects of disability, and not enough on the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities. Others argue that it does not adequately address the intersection of disability with other forms of identity, such as race, gender, and class.

== See Also ==

* [[Disability Rights Movement]]
* [[Social model of disability]]
* [[Medical model of disability]]
* [[Cultural model of disability]]
* [[Ableism]]
* [[Accessibility]]
* [[Inclusion]]
* [[Intersectionality]]

[[Category:Disability studies]]
[[Category:Social sciences]]
[[Category:Interdisciplinary fields]]
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Disability studies - Revision history

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