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	{{chemistry-stub}}		{{chemistry-stub}}
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			<gallery>
			File:Dihedral_angle.svg\|Dihedral angle illustration
			File:Spherical_bond_dihedral_angle.png\|Spherical bond dihedral angle
			File:Synantipericlinal.svg\|Synantipericlinal conformation
			File:Newman_projection_butane_-sc.svg\|Newman projection of butane
			File:Sawhorse_projection_butane_-sc.svg\|Sawhorse projection of butane
			File:Dihedral_angles_of_Butane.svg\|Dihedral angles of Butane
			File:Protein_backbone_PhiPsiOmega_drawing.svg\|Protein backbone Phi, Psi, Omega angles
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-19T06:23:30Z

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New page

'''Dihedral angle''' refers to the angle formed between two intersecting [[planes]] in three-dimensional space. In the context of [[chemistry]] and [[molecular biology]], dihedral angles are crucial for understanding the three-dimensional structures of [[molecules]] and [[proteins]], influencing their properties and interactions. In [[mathematics]] and [[engineering]], dihedral angles play a significant role in the study of [[polyhedra]] and the design of various structures.

==Definition==
A dihedral angle is defined as the angle between two planes, which can be determined by selecting two intersecting lines, one from each plane, and measuring the angle between these lines. This angle provides a measure of the spatial orientation between the two planes. In a more practical sense, in molecular geometry, it is the angle between two planes formed by three atoms each, with two atoms shared between the planes.

==Measurement==
The measurement of dihedral angles can be performed using various methods, depending on the context. In molecular biology, computational tools and [[X-ray crystallography]] are commonly used to determine the angles between atoms in a molecule. In engineering and mathematics, geometric principles and tools like protractors or computational models are employed.

==Importance in Molecular Biology==
In molecular biology, dihedral angles, also known as torsion angles, are essential for understanding the conformation of [[biomolecules]]. These angles influence the folding and function of proteins, the double helix structure of [[DNA]], and the efficacy of drug molecules. The Ramachandran plot, a tool used to visualize the conformational space of amino acids in proteins, is based on the phi (φ) and psi (ψ) dihedral angles.

==Applications in Chemistry==
In chemistry, dihedral angles are important for predicting the physical and chemical properties of molecules. The angle affects the molecule's polarity, reactivity, and overall shape, which in turn influences its interactions with other molecules. Understanding dihedral angles is crucial for the design of new pharmaceuticals and materials.

==Engineering and Design==
In the field of engineering, dihedral angles are important in the design of mechanical joints, bridges, and architectural structures. They determine the stability and stress distribution within the structure. In aerospace engineering, the dihedral angle of an airplane's wings significantly affects its aerodynamic properties and stability during flight.

==Mathematical Significance==
Dihedral angles are also of interest in pure mathematics, particularly in the study of polyhedra and tessellations. They are key to understanding the geometry and symmetry of three-dimensional shapes.

==See Also==
* [[Molecular geometry]]
* [[Protein structure]]
* [[X-ray crystallography]]
* [[Ramachandran plot]]

[[Category:Geometry]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:Engineering]]

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Dihedral angle - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import