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			File:Center_building_at_Saint_Elizabeths,_August_23,_2006.jpg\|Deinstitutionalisation
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'''Deinstitutionalisation''' refers to the process of replacing long-stay [[psychiatric hospitals]] with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a [[mental disorder]] or [[developmental disability]]. Deinstitutionalisation works on the principle that people will recover more quickly and integrate more effectively into society when treated in community-based facilities.

== History ==

The process of deinstitutionalisation began in the mid-20th century, largely due to the introduction of [[antipsychotic]] medications and the recognition of the inhumane conditions in many psychiatric institutions. The [[Community Mental Health Act]] of 1963 was a significant catalyst in the United States, aiming to construct community mental health centers to care for people in their home communities.

== Process ==

Deinstitutionalisation involves the gradual phasing out of institutional care and the transition to community-based care. This process includes the development of [[community mental health services]], [[supported housing]], and other support systems. It also involves the reintegration of individuals into the community, often through [[occupational therapy]] and [[social skills]] training.

== Criticisms ==

While deinstitutionalisation has been praised for its humanistic approach, it has also faced criticism. Critics argue that community-based services are often inadequate and that many individuals with severe mental illnesses end up homeless or in prison. The phenomenon of [[transinstitutionalisation]] refers to this shift of care from psychiatric hospitals to jails and homeless shelters.

== See also ==

* [[Community Mental Health Act]]
* [[Transinstitutionalisation]]
* [[Mental health]]
* [[Psychiatric hospital]]

[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Mental health]]
[[Category:Healthcare reform]]
[[Category:Social change]]

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Deinstitutionalisation - Revision history

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