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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Cysto.jpg_|thumb|Cysto.jpg]] '''Cystourethrography''' is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the [[urinary bladder]] and the [[urethra]]. This procedure is commonly employed to diagnose abnormalities in the lower urinary tract, such as [[vesicoureteral reflux]], [[urethral stricture]], and [[bladder diverticulum]].<br />
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==Types of Cystourethrography==<br />
There are two main types of cystourethrography:<br />
* '''Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)''': This type involves filling the bladder with a contrast agent and taking X-ray images while the patient voids (urinates). It is particularly useful for detecting vesicoureteral reflux.<br />
* '''Retrograde Cystourethrography''': In this type, the contrast agent is introduced directly into the bladder through a catheter, and images are taken while the bladder is full and during voiding.<br />
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==Procedure==<br />
The procedure typically involves the following steps:<br />
# The patient is positioned on an X-ray table.<br />
# A catheter is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder.<br />
# A contrast agent is introduced through the catheter to fill the bladder.<br />
# X-ray images are taken in various positions to visualize the bladder and urethra.<br />
# In the case of VCUG, additional images are taken while the patient voids.<br />
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==Indications==<br />
Cystourethrography is indicated for:<br />
* Evaluation of recurrent [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs)<br />
* Assessment of urinary incontinence<br />
* Investigation of congenital abnormalities in children<br />
* Detection of bladder and urethral injuries<br />
* Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction<br />
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==Risks and Complications==<br />
While cystourethrography is generally safe, potential risks and complications include:<br />
* Discomfort or pain during catheter insertion<br />
* [[Urinary tract infection]]<br />
* Allergic reaction to the contrast agent<br />
* Radiation exposure, although minimal<br />
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==Preparation==<br />
Preparation for cystourethrography may include:<br />
* Informing the healthcare provider of any allergies, especially to contrast agents<br />
* Ensuring the bladder is empty before the procedure<br />
* Following specific instructions regarding fluid intake<br />
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==Aftercare==<br />
After the procedure, patients are usually advised to:<br />
* Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the contrast agent<br />
* Monitor for signs of infection, such as fever or painful urination<br />
* Follow up with their healthcare provider for results and further management<br />
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==See Also==<br />
* [[Urology]]<br />
* [[Radiology]]<br />
* [[Urinary system]]<br />
* [[Diagnostic imaging]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External Links==<br />
{{Commons category|Cystourethrography}}<br />
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[[Category:Medical imaging]]<br />
[[Category:Urology]]<br />
[[Category:Radiology]]<br />
[[Category:Diagnostic procedures]]<br />
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