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	~~'''~~Crimson Contagion''' was a simulation administered by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) from January to August 2019 that tested the capacity of the U.S. federal government and twelve U.S. states to respond to a severe [[influenza pandemic]] originating from China.		== Crimson Contagion ==

	~~==Background==~~		[[File:Crimson_Contagion_logo.png\|thumb\|right\|Logo of the Crimson Contagion exercise]]
	~~The~~ [[Crimson Contagion]] scenario was a hypothetical outbreak of a novel strain of influenza, H7N9, which is a type of [[Avian Influenza]]. The exercise involved a scenario in which tourists returning from China spread the disease in their home countries, with the first detection in the United States occurring in Chicago.

	~~==Simulation==~~		'''Crimson Contagion''' was a series of exercises conducted by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) to test the nation's response to a severe influenza pandemic. The exercise was conducted in 2019 and involved multiple federal, state, and local agencies, as well as private sector partners.
	~~The simulation~~ was ~~designed~~ to test the nation's ~~capacity to respond~~ to a ~~large-scale outbreak~~. The exercise ~~revealed that the U.S. was unprepared for a pandemic, with issues including a lack of funding, confusion about who~~ was in ~~charge,~~ and ~~a lack of coordination between~~ federal, state, and local ~~governments~~.

	==~~Findings~~==		== Background ==
	The exercise found that the U.S. was "underfunded, underprepared, and uncoordinated" in the face of a pandemic. It also found that the U.S. lacked the manufacturing capacity to produce necessary medical equipment, such as [[ventilators]] and [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE), in a timely manner.

	~~==Aftermath==~~		The Crimson Contagion exercise was designed to simulate a global influenza pandemic originating in [[China]] and spreading rapidly across the world. The scenario involved a novel strain of the [[H7N9 influenza virus]], which had a high mortality rate and no available vaccine at the time of the exercise.
	The ~~findings of the [[~~Crimson Contagion]] exercise ~~were presented in~~ a ~~draft report~~ in ~~October 2019, just months before~~ the ~~start~~ of the [[~~COVID-19 pandemic~~]]~~. The exercise has been cited as evidence of~~ the ~~U.S. government's awareness~~ of the ~~threat posed by pandemics and its lack of preparedness to deal with them~~.

	==~~See also~~==		== Objectives ==
	* [[~~Pandemic~~]]
	* [[~~Influenza pandemic~~]]		The primary objectives of the Crimson Contagion exercise were to:
	* ~~[[COVID~~-19 pandemic]]
			* Evaluate the ability of the United States to respond to a pandemic influenza outbreak.
			* Assess the coordination between federal, state, and local agencies.
			* Identify gaps in the nation's pandemic preparedness and response capabilities.
			* Test the effectiveness of communication strategies during a public health emergency.

			== Exercise Structure ==

			The exercise was conducted over several months in 2019 and included a series of tabletop exercises, functional exercises, and full-scale exercises. Participants included representatives from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA), the [[Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS), and various state and local health departments.

			== Key Findings ==

			The Crimson Contagion exercise revealed several critical gaps in the United States' pandemic preparedness, including:

			* Insufficient funding for pandemic response activities.
			* Lack of clarity in federal and state roles and responsibilities.
			* Inadequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical supplies.
			* Challenges in coordinating communication between agencies and the public.

			== Impact ==

			The findings from the Crimson Contagion exercise were intended to inform future pandemic preparedness efforts and improve the nation's ability to respond to a real-world pandemic. The exercise highlighted the need for increased investment in public health infrastructure and better coordination between government agencies.

	==~~References~~==		== Related Pages ==
	~~<references />~~

	~~==External links==~~		* [[Pandemic preparedness]]
	* [~~https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-outbreak.html Before Virus Outbreak, a Cascade of Warnings Went Unheeded~~] ~~(The New York Times)~~		* [[Influenza pandemic]]
			* [[Public health emergency]]
			* [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]

	[[Category:~~Health~~ in the United States]]		[[Category:Pandemic preparedness in the United States]]
	~~[[Category:Influenza pandemics~~]]
	[[Category:2019 in the United States]]		[[Category:2019 in the United States]]
	~~[[Category:Emergency management in the United States]]~~
	~~[[Category:Simulation]]~~

	~~{{US-gov-stub}}~~
	~~{{Influenza-stub}}~~
	~~{{pharmacology-stub}}~~

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'''Crimson Contagion''' was a simulation administered by the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) from January to August 2019 that tested the capacity of the U.S. federal government and twelve U.S. states to respond to a severe [[influenza pandemic]] originating from China.

==Background==
The [[Crimson Contagion]] scenario was a hypothetical outbreak of a novel strain of influenza, H7N9, which is a type of [[Avian Influenza]]. The exercise involved a scenario in which tourists returning from China spread the disease in their home countries, with the first detection in the United States occurring in Chicago.

==Simulation==
The simulation was designed to test the nation's capacity to respond to a large-scale outbreak. The exercise revealed that the U.S. was unprepared for a pandemic, with issues including a lack of funding, confusion about who was in charge, and a lack of coordination between federal, state, and local governments.

==Findings==
The exercise found that the U.S. was "underfunded, underprepared, and uncoordinated" in the face of a pandemic. It also found that the U.S. lacked the manufacturing capacity to produce necessary medical equipment, such as [[ventilators]] and [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE), in a timely manner.

==Aftermath==
The findings of the [[Crimson Contagion]] exercise were presented in a draft report in October 2019, just months before the start of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The exercise has been cited as evidence of the U.S. government's awareness of the threat posed by pandemics and its lack of preparedness to deal with them.

==See also==
* [[Pandemic]]
* [[Influenza pandemic]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-outbreak.html Before Virus Outbreak, a Cascade of Warnings Went Unheeded] (The New York Times)

[[Category:Health in the United States]]
[[Category:Influenza pandemics]]
[[Category:2019 in the United States]]
[[Category:Emergency management in the United States]]
[[Category:Simulation]]

{{US-gov-stub}}
{{Influenza-stub}}
{{pharmacology-stub}}

Crimson Contagion - Revision history

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