Prab at 20:15, 16 March 2025

2025-03-16T20:15:37Z

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2024-06-12T21:13:17Z

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'''Conine''' is a [[chemical compound]] that is classified as an [[alkaloid]]. It is a toxic substance found in several plants, most notably in the [[hemlock]] plant, which is known for its historical use as a [[poison]]. Conine is a colorless, oily liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
==Chemical Structure and Properties==
Conine has the chemical formula C_8H_17N and is a member of the [[piperidine]] class of alkaloids. Its structure consists of a six-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom, making it a [[heterocyclic compound]]. The compound is optically active and exists in two enantiomeric forms.
==Sources==
The primary source of conine is the [[hemlock]] plant, specifically [[Conium maculatum]]. This plant is native to Europe and North Africa but has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America. All parts of the hemlock plant contain conine, but the highest concentrations are found in the seeds and roots.
==Toxicity==
Conine is highly toxic to humans and animals. It acts as a [[neurotoxin]] by disrupting the function of the [[central nervous system]]. Symptoms of conine poisoning include muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, and, in severe cases, death. The lethal dose for humans is estimated to be around 100 mg.
==Historical Significance==
Conine is historically significant due to its association with the death of the ancient Greek philosopher [[Socrates]]. According to historical accounts, Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a mixture containing hemlock, which led to his demise through conine poisoning.
==Medical and Scientific Research==
Despite its toxicity, conine has been the subject of scientific research due to its potential medicinal properties. Studies have explored its use in small, controlled doses for its analgesic and antispasmodic effects. However, its high toxicity limits its practical applications.
==Related Pages==
* [[Alkaloid]]
* [[Hemlock]]
* [[Neurotoxin]]
* [[Piperidine]]
* [[Socrates]]

[[Category:Alkaloids]]
[[Category:Neurotoxins]]
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
{{Chembox
| verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477002123
| Name = Conine
| ImageFile = Coniine.png
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of conine
| ImageFile1 = Coniine-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize1 = 200px
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the conine molecule
| IUPACName = 2-Propylpiperidine
| OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref =
| CASNo = 458-88-8
| PubChem = 7217
| ChemSpiderID = 6945
| UNII_Ref =
| UNII = 8B1QWR724A
| ChEMBL_Ref =
| ChEMBL = 12345
| SMILES = CCC1CCCCN1
| InChI = 1S/C8H17N/c1-2-5-8-6-3-4-7-9-8/h8-9H,2-7H2,1H3
| InChIKey = AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C = 8
| H = 17
| N = 1
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Density = 0.85 g/cm³
| MeltingPt = -2.5 °C
| BoilingPt = 166-167 °C
}}
}}
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Conine - Revision history

Prab at 20:15, 16 March 2025

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