Complement deficiency - Revision history

Prab at 03:01, 5 April 2025

2025-04-05T03:01:06Z

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	~~[[File:Complement pathway.svg\|left\|thumb\|Complement pathway\|right]]~~ [[File:Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv\|left\|thumb\|Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv]] [[File:Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png\|left\|thumb\|Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png]] '''Complement deficiency''' is a condition characterized by the absence or dysfunction of one or more components of the [[complement system]], which is a crucial part of the [[immune system]]. The complement system consists of a series of small proteins that work together to fight infections, clear damaged cells, and promote inflammation.		[[File:Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv\|left\|thumb\|Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv]] [[File:Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png\|left\|thumb\|Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png]] '''Complement deficiency''' is a condition characterized by the absence or dysfunction of one or more components of the [[complement system]], which is a crucial part of the [[immune system]]. The complement system consists of a series of small proteins that work together to fight infections, clear damaged cells, and promote inflammation.
	==Types of Complement Deficiency==		==Types of Complement Deficiency==
	Complement deficiencies can be classified based on which component of the complement system is affected. The main types include:		Complement deficiencies can be classified based on which component of the complement system is affected. The main types include:

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-[[File:Complement pathway.svg|thumb|Complement pathway|right]] [[File:Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv|thumb|Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv|left]] [[File:Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png|thumb|Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png]] '''Complement deficiency''' is a condition characterized by the absence or dysfunction of one or more components of the [[complement system]], which is a crucial part of the [[immune system]]. The complement system consists of a series of small proteins that work together to fight infections, clear damaged cells, and promote inflammation.
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 ==Types of Complement Deficiency==
 Complement deficiencies can be classified based on which component of the complement system is affected. The main types include:

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[[File:Complement pathway.svg|thumb|Complement pathway|right]] [[File:Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv|thumb|Neisseria-meningitidis-Differentially-Controls-Host-Cell-Motility-through-PilC1-and-PilC2-pone.0006834.s003.ogv|left]] [[File:Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png|thumb|Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia Summary Figure.png]] '''Complement deficiency''' is a condition characterized by the absence or dysfunction of one or more components of the [[complement system]], which is a crucial part of the [[immune system]]. The complement system consists of a series of small proteins that work together to fight infections, clear damaged cells, and promote inflammation.
==Types of Complement Deficiency==
Complement deficiencies can be classified based on which component of the complement system is affected. The main types include:
* '''C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, and C2 deficiencies''': These deficiencies affect the [[classical pathway]] of complement activation.
* '''C3 deficiency''': This affects the central component of the complement system and can lead to severe infections.
* '''C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 deficiencies''': These affect the [[membrane attack complex]] (MAC) and can lead to increased susceptibility to [[Neisseria]] infections.
* '''Factor D, Factor B, and Properdin deficiencies''': These affect the [[alternative pathway]] of complement activation.
* '''Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency''': This affects the [[lectin pathway]] of complement activation.
==Causes==
Complement deficiencies can be inherited or acquired. Inherited deficiencies are usually due to [[genetic mutations]] that affect the production or function of complement proteins. Acquired deficiencies can result from conditions such as [[autoimmune diseases]], [[liver disease]], or certain infections.
==Symptoms==
The symptoms of complement deficiency vary depending on the specific component that is deficient. Common symptoms include:
* Recurrent bacterial infections, particularly with [[encapsulated bacteria]] like [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] and [[Neisseria meningitidis]].
* Increased susceptibility to [[autoimmune diseases]] such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE).
* Chronic inflammation and tissue damage.
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of complement deficiency typically involves:
* [[Blood tests]] to measure the levels and activity of complement proteins.
* [[Genetic testing]] to identify mutations in complement-related genes.
* Functional assays to assess the activity of the complement pathways.
==Treatment==
Treatment for complement deficiency depends on the specific type and severity of the condition. Options may include:
* [[Antibiotic prophylaxis]] to prevent infections.
* [[Immunizations]] to protect against specific pathogens.
* [[Plasma infusions]] or [[complement replacement therapy]] in certain cases.
==Prognosis==
The prognosis for individuals with complement deficiency varies. With appropriate management, many individuals can lead relatively normal lives. However, the risk of severe infections and autoimmune complications remains a concern.
==See Also==
* [[Immune system]]
* [[Autoimmune disease]]
* [[Genetic disorder]]
* [[Infection]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External Links==
{{Commons category|Complement system}}
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
{{medicine-stub}}