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= Collapse =

'''Collapse''' refers to a sudden loss of strength or consciousness, often due to a decrease in blood flow to the brain. It is a common medical emergency that can have various underlying causes, ranging from benign to life-threatening conditions.

== Causes ==
Collapse can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* '''[[Vasovagal syncope]]''': A common cause of fainting, often triggered by stress, pain, or prolonged standing.
* '''[[Orthostatic hypotension]]''': A drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness and potential collapse.
* '''[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]''': Abnormal heart rhythms that can reduce cardiac output and lead to syncope.
* '''[[Hypoglycemia]]''': Low blood sugar levels, particularly in individuals with diabetes.
* '''[[Dehydration]]''': Loss of fluids and electrolytes, affecting blood volume and pressure.
* '''[[Seizures]]''': Neurological events that can cause loss of consciousness.
* '''[[Anemia]]''': Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to fatigue and collapse.

== Symptoms ==
The primary symptom of collapse is a sudden loss of consciousness. Other symptoms may include:

* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Nausea
* Sweating
* Blurred vision
* Palpitations

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosing the cause of collapse involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

* [[Electrocardiogram (ECG)]]: To assess heart rhythm and detect arrhythmias.
* [[Blood tests]]: To check for anemia, electrolyte imbalances, or hypoglycemia.
* [[Tilt table test]]: To evaluate for orthostatic hypotension or vasovagal syncope.
* [[Echocardiogram]]: To assess cardiac structure and function.

== Treatment ==
Treatment of collapse depends on the underlying cause:

* For vasovagal syncope, lying down and elevating the legs can help restore blood flow to the brain.
* Orthostatic hypotension may be managed with increased fluid and salt intake, or medications.
* Cardiac arrhythmias may require antiarrhythmic drugs or [[pacemaker]] implantation.
* Hypoglycemia is treated with glucose administration.
* Dehydration requires rehydration with fluids and electrolytes.

== Prevention ==
Preventive measures depend on the specific cause of collapse:

* Avoiding triggers for vasovagal syncope, such as prolonged standing or stress.
* Gradual position changes to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
* Regular monitoring and management of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease.

== See Also ==
* [[Syncope]]
* [[Shock (circulatory)]]
* [[Cardiovascular disease]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External Links ==
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/syncope/symptoms-causes/syc-20350590 Mayo Clinic - Syncope]
* [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/fainting/ NHS - Fainting]

[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Nervous and musculoskeletal systems]]

Collapse - Revision history

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