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2026-05-10T17:28:35Z
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Coliphage'''<br />
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A '''coliphage''' is a type of [[bacteriophage]] that specifically infects [[Escherichia coli]] (E. coli) bacteria. Bacteriophages, often referred to simply as phages, are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria. Coliphages are used extensively in [[molecular biology]] and [[genetic engineering]] due to their specificity and ability to transfer genetic material.<br />
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==Types of Coliphages==<br />
Coliphages can be broadly classified into two categories based on their life cycles: [[lytic cycle|lytic]] and [[lysogenic cycle|lysogenic]].<br />
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* '''Lytic Coliphages''': These phages infect the E. coli cell, replicate rapidly, and cause the cell to lyse (burst), releasing new phage particles. An example of a lytic coliphage is [[T4 phage]].<br />
* '''Lysogenic Coliphages''': These phages integrate their genetic material into the host cell's genome and replicate along with it without causing immediate lysis. An example of a lysogenic coliphage is [[Lambda phage]].<br />
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==Applications==<br />
Coliphages have several important applications in science and industry:<br />
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* '''Molecular Biology''': Coliphages are used as vectors for cloning and manipulating genes. The [[Lambda phage]] is a well-known vector used in [[recombinant DNA]] technology.<br />
* '''Water Quality Testing''': Coliphages are used as indicators of [[fecal contamination]] in water. Their presence suggests the potential presence of pathogenic E. coli strains.<br />
* '''Phage Therapy''': There is growing interest in using coliphages to treat bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli.<br />
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==Life Cycle==<br />
The life cycle of a coliphage involves several stages:<br />
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1. '''Attachment''': The phage attaches to specific receptors on the surface of the E. coli cell.<br />
2. '''Penetration''': The phage injects its genetic material into the host cell.<br />
3. '''Replication''': The phage's genetic material takes over the host's cellular machinery to replicate its own DNA and produce phage proteins.<br />
4. '''Assembly''': New phage particles are assembled within the host cell.<br />
5. '''Release''': The host cell lyses, releasing new phage particles to infect other E. coli cells.<br />
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==Related Pages==<br />
* [[Bacteriophage]]<br />
* [[Escherichia coli]]<br />
* [[Lytic cycle]]<br />
* [[Lysogenic cycle]]<br />
* [[Lambda phage]]<br />
* [[T4 phage]]<br />
* [[Recombinant DNA]]<br />
* [[Phage therapy]]<br />
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[[Category:Virology]]<br />
[[Category:Bacteriophages]]<br />
[[Category:Molecular biology]]<br />
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