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	~~'''~~Codeine-N-oxide~~''' is a [[semi-synthetic opioid]] derived from [[morphine]]. It is a minor constituent of [[opium]] and is typically used for its [[analgesic]], [[antitussive]], and [[antidiarrheal]] properties.~~		{{Short description\|An encyclopedia article about Codeine-N-oxide}}

	==~~Chemistry~~==		==Codeine-N-oxide==
	Codeine-N-oxide~~, also known as 3~~-~~methylmorphine~~-N-oxide, is a [[~~phenanthrene~~]] ~~alkaloid~~ and ~~a member~~ of the [[morphinan]] ~~class of opioids. It~~ is ~~structurally similar~~ to [[~~codeine~~]], with the addition of an ~~oxide group~~. This modification ~~results in a~~ compound ~~with different pharmacological properties~~.		[[File:Codeine-N-oxide.svg\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of Codeine-N-oxide]]
			'''Codeine-N-oxide''' is a [[chemical compound]] that is a derivative of [[codeine]], an [[opioid]] used for its [[analgesic]] and [[antitussive]] properties. Codeine-N-oxide is an [[oxidized]] form of codeine, where the nitrogen atom in the [[morphinan]] structure is bonded to an additional oxygen atom, forming an N-oxide.

			==Chemical properties==
			Codeine-N-oxide retains the basic [[molecular structure]] of codeine, with the addition of an oxygen atom bonded to the nitrogen. This modification can affect the compound's [[pharmacokinetics]] and [[pharmacodynamics]], potentially altering its [[bioavailability]] and [[metabolism]] compared to codeine.

	==Pharmacology==		==Pharmacology==
	Codeine-N-oxide ~~acts primarily as a~~ [[~~prodrug~~]]~~, being metabolized in~~ the ~~body~~ to ~~produce~~ its ~~active forms,~~ [[~~morphine~~]] and [[~~morphine-N-oxide~~]]~~. These metabolites are responsible for~~ the ~~drug's analgesic effects~~. Codeine-N-oxide ~~also has a high affinity for~~ the [[~~mu opioid receptor~~]], ~~which is thought to contribute to its antitussive and antidiarrheal effects~~.		As an N-oxide derivative of codeine, Codeine-N-oxide may exhibit different [[pharmacological]] properties. The presence of the N-oxide group can influence the compound's ability to cross the [[blood-brain barrier]], its [[binding affinity]] to [[opioid receptors]], and its [[metabolic pathway]]s in the body.

			==Synthesis==
			Codeine-N-oxide can be synthesized through the [[oxidation]] of codeine using various [[chemical reagents]]. The process involves the introduction of an oxygen atom to the nitrogen in the [[tertiary amine]] group of codeine, resulting in the formation of the N-oxide.

	==~~Medical Uses~~==		==Potential uses==
	Codeine-N-oxide ~~is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain,~~ as ~~a cough suppressant~~, ~~and for the relief of diarrhea~~. ~~It is typically administered orally~~, ~~often~~ in ~~combination with other medications such as~~ [[~~acetaminophen~~]] or [[~~ibuprofen~~]].		Research into Codeine-N-oxide may explore its potential as an [[analgesic]] or [[antitussive]] agent, similar to codeine. However, its altered chemical structure may lead to differences in [[efficacy]] and [[side effects]].

	==~~Side Effects~~==		==Related compounds==
	~~Common side effects of codeine-N-oxide include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.~~		* [[Codeine]]
			* [[Morphine]]
			* [[Thebaine]]
			* [[Oxycodone]]

	==~~See Also~~==		==Related pages==
	* [[Opioid]]		* [[Opioid]]
	* [[~~Morphine~~]]		* [[Analgesic]]
	* [[~~Codeine~~]]		* [[Antitussive]]
			* [[N-oxide]]

	[[Category:Opioids]]		[[Category:Opioids]]
	[[Category:~~Prodrugs~~]]		[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
	~~[[Category:Phenanthrenes]]~~
	~~[[Category:Morphinans]]~~

	~~{{medicine-stub}}~~

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'''Codeine-N-oxide''' is a [[semi-synthetic opioid]] derived from [[morphine]]. It is a minor constituent of [[opium]] and is typically used for its [[analgesic]], [[antitussive]], and [[antidiarrheal]] properties.

==Chemistry==
Codeine-N-oxide, also known as 3-methylmorphine-N-oxide, is a [[phenanthrene]] alkaloid and a member of the [[morphinan]] class of opioids. It is structurally similar to [[codeine]], with the addition of an oxide group. This modification results in a compound with different pharmacological properties.

==Pharmacology==
Codeine-N-oxide acts primarily as a [[prodrug]], being metabolized in the body to produce its active forms, [[morphine]] and [[morphine-N-oxide]]. These metabolites are responsible for the drug's analgesic effects. Codeine-N-oxide also has a high affinity for the [[mu opioid receptor]], which is thought to contribute to its antitussive and antidiarrheal effects.

==Medical Uses==
Codeine-N-oxide is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain, as a cough suppressant, and for the relief of diarrhea. It is typically administered orally, often in combination with other medications such as [[acetaminophen]] or [[ibuprofen]].

==Side Effects==
Common side effects of codeine-N-oxide include drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.

==See Also==
* [[Opioid]]
* [[Morphine]]
* [[Codeine]]

[[Category:Opioids]]
[[Category:Prodrugs]]
[[Category:Phenanthrenes]]
[[Category:Morphinans]]

{{medicine-stub}}

Codeine-N-oxide - Revision history

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