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'''Chorionic villus sampling''' ('''CVS''') is a form of [[prenatal diagnosis]] to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in the [[fetus]]. It entails sampling of the [[chorionic villus]] (placental tissue) and testing it for chromosomal abnormalities, usually with [[karyotyping]]. The technique was first described in 1983 by Italian biologist [[Giuseppe Simoni]].

==Procedure==
The procedure is usually carried out between the 11th and 14th week of [[pregnancy]]. It may be performed earlier, but this may increase the risk of complications. The sample is obtained in one of two ways: transabdominally or transcervically.

===Transabdominal===
In the [[transabdominal]] procedure, a needle is inserted through the mother's abdomen. The needle is guided into place with the help of [[ultrasound]].

===Transcervical===
In the [[transcervical]] procedure, a thin plastic tube is passed through the cervix to the placenta, guided by ultrasound. The tube is used to gently suction off a small sample of chorionic villi.

==Risks==
The risk of miscarriage as a result of CVS is generally considered to be less than 1%. However, the risk may be higher if the procedure is performed before the 10th week of pregnancy.

==Benefits==
The main benefit of CVS is that it can provide early information about potential genetic conditions, allowing parents and doctors to make informed decisions about the pregnancy.

==See also==
* [[Amniocentesis]]
* [[Prenatal testing]]
* [[Genetic testing]]

[[Category:Prenatal diagnosis]]
[[Category:Medical tests]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
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Chorionic villus sampling - Revision history

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