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Cervical - Revision history
2026-04-24T00:05:56Z
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2025-03-17T06:41:08Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:41, 17 March 2025</td>
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2025-02-10T11:36:45Z
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Prab: CSV import
2024-08-07T04:05:40Z
<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox Anatomy<br />
| Name = Cervix<br />
| Latin = Cervix uteri<br />
| Image = <br />
| Caption = <br />
| Image2 = <br />
| Caption2 = <br />
| Precursor = <br />
| System = [[Reproductive system]]<br />
| Artery = [[Uterine artery]], [[Vaginal artery]]<br />
| Vein = [[Uterine vein]]<br />
| Nerve = [[Uterine plexus]]<br />
| Lymph = [[Parametrial lymph nodes]], [[Paracervical lymph nodes]]<br />
| MeshName = Cervix<br />
| MeshNumber = <br />
| DorlandsPre = c_22<br />
| DorlandsSuf = 12243335<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''cervix''' or '''cervix uteri''' is the lower part of the [[uterus]] in the female [[reproductive system]]. It connects the [[uterine cavity]] to the [[vagina]], and functions as the passageway through which sperm travels to reach the uterus during [[fertilization]], and through which a baby passes during [[childbirth]].<br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
The cervix is typically 2 to 3 cm long, and roughly cylindrical in shape, which can change during [[pregnancy]]. The cervical canal passes through the cervix and allows for the passage of [[menstrual fluid]] from the uterus into the vagina, and [[sperm]] into the uterus.<br />
<br />
===Zones===<br />
The cervix is divided into two main regions:<br />
* '''Ectocervix''' - The portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina and is covered by stratified squamous epithelium.<br />
* '''Endocervix''' - The canal of the cervix, lined with columnar epithelium.<br />
<br />
The area where these two cell types meet is called the '''transformation zone''', which is the most common site for the development of [[cervical cancer]].<br />
<br />
==Function==<br />
The primary functions of the cervix include:<br />
* Providing a passageway for sperm to enter the uterus.<br />
* Acting as a barrier to protect the uterus from pathogens.<br />
* Producing cervical mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle to either facilitate or inhibit sperm transport.<br />
* During childbirth, the cervix dilates widely to allow the baby to pass from the uterus into the vagina.<br />
<br />
==Clinical significance==<br />
### Cervical Cancer<br />
[[Cervical cancer]] is a significant health issue worldwide and is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]]. Regular [[Pap smear]] tests are recommended for women to detect precancerous changes in the cervix.<br />
<br />
### Cervical Insufficiency<br />
[[Cervical insufficiency]] is a condition in which the cervix softens and dilates without contractions due to structural or functional weakness, leading to premature birth or loss of pregnancy.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Gynecology]]<br />
* [[Obstetrics]]<br />
* [[Pap smear]]<br />
* [[Human papillomavirus]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Female reproductive system]]<br />
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