Ceftazidime/avibactam - Revision history

Prab at 16:37, 26 March 2025

2025-03-26T16:37:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 26 March 2025
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	[[File:Ceftazidime and avibactam.svg\|thumb\|Ceftazidime and avibactam]]		[[File:Ceftazidime and avibactam.svg\|thumb\|Ceftazidime and avibactam]]


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	== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==		== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==
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	* A combination preparation containing the '''third-generation cephalosporin [[ceftazidime]]''' and the '''sodium salt form of [[avibactam]]''', '''a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor''', with '''antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibiting activity''', respectively.		* A combination preparation containing the '''third-generation cephalosporin [[ceftazidime]]''' and the '''sodium salt form of [[avibactam]]''', '''a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor''', with '''antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibiting activity''', respectively.
	* Upon administration, ceftazidime '''binds to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cell wall synthesis''' in certain bacteria. '''Avibactam binds to and inactivates beta-lactamases''', thereby '''protecting ceftazidime from degradation''' and increasing ceftazidime’s efficacy.		* Upon administration, ceftazidime '''binds to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cell wall synthesis''' in certain bacteria. '''Avibactam binds to and inactivates beta-lactamases''', thereby '''protecting ceftazidime from degradation''' and increasing ceftazidime’s efficacy.


	Avycaz has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria:		Avycaz has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria:
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	* The combination was approved for medical use in the United States and the European Union in 2015.		* The combination was approved for medical use in the United States and the European Union in 2015.


	== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==		== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==
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	This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː		This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
	* '''Avycaz'''		* '''Avycaz'''


	=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==		=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==
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	* [[Clostridium difficile]]-Associated Diarrhea		* [[Clostridium difficile]]-Associated Diarrhea
	* Central Nervous System Reactions		* Central Nervous System Reactions


	==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==		==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==
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	* [[Seizures]], nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]] (NCSE), [[encephalopathy]], coma, [[asterixis]], neuromuscular excitability, and [[myoclonia]] have been reported in patients treated with ceftazidime, particularly in the setting of renal impairment. Adjust dosing based on creatinine clearance.		* [[Seizures]], nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]] (NCSE), [[encephalopathy]], coma, [[asterixis]], neuromuscular excitability, and [[myoclonia]] have been reported in patients treated with ceftazidime, particularly in the setting of renal impairment. Adjust dosing based on creatinine clearance.
	* Prescribing Avycaz in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of [[Drug resistant bacterial infection\|drug-resistant bacteria]].		* Prescribing Avycaz in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of [[Drug resistant bacterial infection\|drug-resistant bacteria]].


	== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==		== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==
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	* In the event of overdose, discontinue Avycaz and institute general supportive treatment.		* In the event of overdose, discontinue Avycaz and institute general supportive treatment.
	* Ceftazidime and avibactam can be removed by [[hemodialysis]].		* Ceftazidime and avibactam can be removed by [[hemodialysis]].


	== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==		== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==
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	* There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Avycaz, ceftazidime, or avibactam in pregnant women.		* There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Avycaz, ceftazidime, or avibactam in pregnant women.
	* Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.		* Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.


	=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==		=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==
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	* The safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in the treatment of cUTI, cIAI, and HABP/VABP have been established in pediatric patients aged 3 months to less than 18 years.		* The safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in the treatment of cUTI, cIAI, and HABP/VABP have been established in pediatric patients aged 3 months to less than 18 years.
	* Safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months have not been established.		* Safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months have not been established.


	== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==		== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==
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	'''Inactive ingredients:'''		'''Inactive ingredients:'''
	* SODIUM CARBONATE		* SODIUM CARBONATE


	== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==		== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==
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	* Avycaz is a registered trademark of Allergan Sales, LLC.		* Avycaz is a registered trademark of Allergan Sales, LLC.


	== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==		== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

	* Avycaz vials should be stored at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).		* Avycaz vials should be stored at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).


	{{coststubd}}		{{coststubd}}
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Ceftazidime Avibactam}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Ceftazidime Avibactam}}
	[[Category:Cephalosporin antibiotics]]		[[Category:Cephalosporin antibiotics]]

Deepika vegiraju at 12:30, 4 January 2023

2023-01-04T12:30:11Z

New page

== '''What is Ceftazidime/avibactam?''' ==

* Ceftazidime/avibactam ('''Avycaz''') is a combination of [[ceftazidime]], '''a cephalosporin''', and [[avibactam]], '''a beta-lactamase inhibitor''' used with [[metronidazole]] to treat abdominal infections.
* It is also used to treat [[pneumonia]] that developed in people who are on [[Ventilator|ventilators]] or who were in a hospital, and kidney and [[urinary tract infections]].

[[File:Ceftazidime and avibactam.svg|thumb|Ceftazidime and avibactam]]

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== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==

Ceftazidime/avibactam ('''Avycaz''') is used in the treatment of:
'''Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (cIAI):'''
* Avycaz (ceftazidime and avibactam) in combination with [[metronidazole]], is indicated for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) in adult and pediatric patients aged 3 months and older.

'''Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI), including Pyelonephritis:'''
* Avycaz (ceftazidime and avibactam) is indicated for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including [[pyelonephritis]] in adult and pediatric patients aged 3 months and older.

'''Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP/VABP):'''
* VYCAZ (ceftazidime and avibactam) is indicated for the treatment of [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia|hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia]] and [[Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)|ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia]] (HABP/VABP) in adult and pediatric patients aged 3 months and older.

== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

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* A combination preparation containing the '''third-generation cephalosporin [[ceftazidime]]''' and the '''sodium salt form of [[avibactam]]''', '''a non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor''', with '''antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibiting activity''', respectively.
* Upon administration, ceftazidime '''binds to essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cell wall synthesis''' in certain bacteria. '''Avibactam binds to and inactivates beta-lactamases''', thereby '''protecting ceftazidime from degradation''' and increasing ceftazidime’s efficacy.

Avycaz has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria:

'''In Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (cIAI):'''

'''Gram-negative Bacteria'''
* [[Citrobacter freundii]] complex
* [[Enterobacter cloacae]]
* [[Escherichia coli]]
* [[Klebsiella oxytoca]]
* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
* [[Proteus mirabilis]]
* [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]

'''In Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI), including Pyelonephritis'''
'''Gram-negative Bacteria:'''
* [[Citrobacter freundii]] complex
* [[Enterobacter cloacae]]
* [[Escherichia coli]]
* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
* [[Proteus mirabilis]]
* [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]

'''In Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP/VABP):'''
'''Gram-negative Bacteria:'''
* [[Enterobacter cloacae]]
* Escherichia coli
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Proteus mirabilis
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* [[Serratia marcescens]]

== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==

This medicine cannot be used in patients who:
* with known serious [[hypersensitivity]] to the components of Avycaz (ceftazidime and avibactam), avibactam-containing products, or other members of the cephalosporin class.

== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Be sure to mention any of the following:
* [[probenecid]] ([[Probalan]], in [[Col-Probenecid]])

== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==

* The combination was approved for medical use in the United States and the European Union in 2015.

== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==

'''Recommended dosage:'''

'''Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients:'''
* The recommended dosage of Avycaz is 2.5 grams (ceftazidime 2 grams and avibactam 0.5 grams) administered every 8 hours by intravenous (IV) infusion over 2 hours in patients 18 years of age and older with CrCl greater than 50 mL/min. For treatment of cIAI, metronidazole should be given concurrently.

'''Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients:'''
* The recommended dosage of Avycaz in pediatric patients aged 2 years to less than 18 years and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 50 mL/min/1.73 m2.

'''In pediatric patients aged 6 months to less than 2 years:'''
* Avycaz 62.5 mg/kg (Ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg).

'''In pediatric patients aged 3 months to less than 6 months: '''
* Avycaz 50 mg/kg (Ceftazidime 40 mg/kg and avibactam 10 mg/kg).

* Monitor CrCl at least daily in adult and pediatric patients with changing renal function and adjust the dosage of Avycaz accordingly.

'''Administration:'''
* The combination of ceftazidime and avibactam injection comes as a powder to be added to fluid and injected [[intravenously]].
* It is usually infused intravenously over a period of 2 hours every 8 hours.
* The length of your treatment depends on your general health, the type of infection you have and how well you respond to the medication.
* Your doctor will tell you how long to use ceftazidime and avibactam injection.
* You may receive ceftazidime and avibactam injection in a hospital or you may administer the medication at home.
* If you will be receiving ceftazidime and avibactam injection at home, your healthcare provider will show you how to use the medication.

== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
* As 2.5g (ceftazidime and avibactam) for injection is supplied as a sterile powder for constitution in single-dose vials containing ceftazidime 2 grams (equivalent to 2.635 grams of ceftazidime pentahydrate/sodium carbonate powder) and avibactam 0.5 grams (equivalent to 0.551 grams of avibactam sodium).

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
* '''Avycaz'''

=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==

The most common side effects of this medicine include:
'''In Adult Patients:'''
* [[diarrhea]], nausea and vomiting.
The most common adverse reactions in cUTI patients are diarrhea and nausea.
The most common adverse reactions in HABP/VABP patients were diarrhea and vomiting.

'''In Pediatric Patients:'''
* vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and infusion site [[phlebitis]].

Less common side effects may in clude:
* [[Hypersensitivity]] Reactions
* [[Clostridium difficile]]-Associated Diarrhea
* Central Nervous System Reactions

==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==

* Decreased clinical response in adult cIAI patients with baseline CrCl of 30 to less than or equal to 50 mL/ min. Monitor CrCl at least daily in adult and pediatric patients with changing renal function and adjust the dosage of Avycaz accordingly.
* Advise patients, their families, or caregivers that allergic reactions, including serious allergic reactions, could occur that require immediate treatment. Ask them about any previous [[hypersensitivity]] reactions to Avycaz, other beta-lactams (including [[cephalosporins]]), or other allergens.
* [[Clostridium difficile]]-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported for nearly all systemic antibacterial drugs, including Avycaz, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal [[colitis]]. Treatment with antibacterial drugs alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of C. difficile.
* If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, antibacterial drugs not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Manage fluid and electrolyte levels as appropriate, supplement protein intake, monitor antibacterial treatment of C. difficile, and institute surgical evaluation as clinically indicated.
* [[Seizures]], nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]] (NCSE), [[encephalopathy]], coma, [[asterixis]], neuromuscular excitability, and [[myoclonia]] have been reported in patients treated with ceftazidime, particularly in the setting of renal impairment. Adjust dosing based on creatinine clearance.
* Prescribing Avycaz in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of [[Drug resistant bacterial infection|drug-resistant bacteria]].

== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

* {{overdose}}
* In the event of overdose, discontinue Avycaz and institute general supportive treatment.
* Ceftazidime and avibactam can be removed by [[hemodialysis]].

== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==

* There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Avycaz, ceftazidime, or avibactam in pregnant women.
* Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.

=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==

* The safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in the treatment of cUTI, cIAI, and HABP/VABP have been established in pediatric patients aged 3 months to less than 18 years.
* Safety and effectiveness of Avycaz in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months have not been established.

== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==

'''Active ingredients:'''
* CEFTAZIDIME
* AVIBACTAM SODIUM

'''Inactive ingredients:'''
* SODIUM CARBONATE

== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==

'''Distributed by:'''
* [[Allergan, Inc.|Allergan USA, Inc.]]
* Madison, NJ

'''Manufactured by:'''
* [[ACS Dobfar SpA]]
* Via Alessandro Fleming, 2
* Verona, Italy

* Avycaz is a registered trademark of Allergan Sales, LLC.

== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

* Avycaz vials should be stored at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).

{{coststubd}}
{{Beta-lactam antibiotics}}
{{Portal bar|Medicine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ceftazidime Avibactam}}
[[Category:Cephalosporin antibiotics]]
[[Category:Combination antibiotics]]
[[Category:Beta-lactamase inhibitors]]
[[Category:AbbVie brands]]
[[Category:AstraZeneca brands]]
[[Category:Pfizer brands]]