https://wikimd.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Cardiothoracic_surgeryCardiothoracic surgery - Revision history2026-04-23T21:39:12ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=Cardiothoracic_surgery&diff=5030813&oldid=prevPrab at 01:54, 13 November 20232023-11-13T01:54:34Z<p></p>
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In the realm of [[medicine]], '''cardiothoracic surgery''' delves into the realm of [[surgery|surgical interventions]] targeting diseases that afflict organs nestled within the [[thorax]] or chest. This broadly encompasses conditions plaguing the [[heart]] (known as [[cardiovascular disease]]) and the [[lung]]s (often referred to as [[pulmonology|lung disease]]). Cardiothoracic surgery is acknowledged as a distinct [[surgical specialties|surgical specialty]] with a rich history of groundbreaking achievements and critical procedures.<br />
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== Thoracic Surgery ==<br />
'''Thoracic surgery''' is a branch of cardiothoracic surgery that primarily focuses on surgical treatments of chest ailments, excluding heart-related issues. While general surgeons may possess expertise or show a keen interest in thoracic surgery, cardiothoracic surgeons specialize in procedures involving both the heart and lungs.<br />
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== Role of a Cardiothoracic Surgeon ==<br />
Cardiothoracic surgeons wield the expertise to execute a plethora of complex surgical procedures, including but not limited to:<br />
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* '''Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ([[CABG]])''': This procedure involves rerouting blood flow around blocked coronary arteries to improve blood supply to the heart muscle.<br />
* '''[[Heart valve]] surgeries''': Repair or replacement of heart valves affected by conditions like valvular stenosis or regurgitation.<br />
* '''Lung volume reduction surgeries''': Surgical reduction of damaged lung tissue to improve lung function in conditions such as emphysema.<br />
* '''Heart and/or lung transplantation procedures''': Transplantation of hearts, lungs, or both, often the last resort for patients with end-stage heart or lung diseases.<br />
* '''[[Arrhythmia]] surgeries''': Procedures like atrial fibrillation ablation to correct abnormal heart rhythms.<br />
* '''Thoracic [[aortic dissection|aorta]] repairs''': Repairing aortic dissections, a life-threatening condition involving the aorta's tearing.<br />
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== History ==<br />
The history of cardiothoracic surgery is decorated with momentous events and breakthroughs that have revolutionized medical practice. Pioneering animal experiments conducted by stalwarts like [[Vladimir Demikhov]] and [[Dominique Metras]] during the [[1940s]] and [[1950s]] bore evidence to the technical feasibility of such procedures.<br />
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In [[1963]], [[Hardy]] etched history by accomplishing the first human [[lung transplantation]]. The patient, after receiving a left lung transplant, managed to survive for 18 days. The period between 1963 and 1978 witnessed numerous endeavors to perfect lung transplantation, with challenges such as [[transplant rejection|rejection]] and issues with bronchial healing impeding consistent success.<br />
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The epoch-making event of the first human-to-human [[heart transplantation]] was spearheaded by Dr. [[Christiaan Barnard|Barnard]] in [[South Africa]] on [[December 3, 1967]]. This monumental achievement had its seeds sown in 1905 when a puppy's heart was transplanted into a dog's neck. In the contemporary medical landscape, this surgery is predominantly reserved for individuals grappling with terminal [[congestive heart failure]] (CHF) and those beyond the aid of conventional medical interventions.<br />
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== Procedures ==<br />
Cardiothoracic surgery covers a wide spectrum of procedures, divided into the following categories:<br />
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* '''[[Cardiology|Heart]] Procedures'''<br />
** '''[[Coronary artery bypass surgery]]''': Redirects blood flow around blocked coronary arteries to restore blood supply to the heart.<br />
** '''[[Valve replacement]]''': Repairs or replaces heart valves affected by stenosis or regurgitation.<br />
** '''[[Congenital heart disease]]''': Corrects structural heart defects present at birth.<br />
** '''[[Ventricular assist device]]''': Implants mechanical devices to assist heart function.<br />
** '''[[Heart transplantation]]''': Replaces a failing heart with a healthy donor heart.<br />
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* '''[[Pulmonology|Lung]] Procedures'''<br />
** '''[[Mediastinoscopy]]''': A diagnostic procedure to examine the mediastinum, an area between the lungs.<br />
** '''[[Video-assisted thoracoscopy]] (VATS)''': Minimally invasive surgery for lung and chest conditions.<br />
** '''[[Lobectomy]]''': Removal of a lobe of the lung, often recommended for [[lung cancer]].<br />
** '''[[Bullectomy]]''': Surgical treatment for a [[bulla]] in [[emphysema]].<br />
** '''[[Lung transplantation]]''': Replaces one or both lungs in patients with end-stage lung disease.<br />
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* '''[[Vascular]] Procedures'''<br />
** '''[[Aortic aneurysm]]''': Repairs or replaces a weakened or enlarged aortic wall.<br />
** '''[[Aortic dissection]]''': Surgical repair of an aortic dissection, a life-threatening condition.<br />
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=='''Glossary of Cardiothoracic Surgery Terms'''==<br />
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This glossary provides an overview of key terms and concepts related to cardiothoracic surgery, a specialized field of surgery focusing on the heart, lungs, and chest.<br />
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== A ==<br />
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* '''[[Aneurysm]]''': A localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, often involving the aorta.<br />
* '''[[Aortic dissection]]''': A life-threatening condition where there is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta's wall, causing blood to flow between the layers.<br />
* '''[[Arrhythmia]]''': An irregular heart rhythm that can be corrected through surgical procedures.<br />
* '''[[Atrial fibrillation ablation]]''': A procedure to treat irregular heartbeats by targeting and isolating abnormal electrical pathways in the heart's atria.<br />
* '''[[Atrial septal defect (ASD)]]''': A congenital heart defect involving an abnormal opening in the atrial septum (the wall between the heart's upper chambers).<br />
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== C ==<br />
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* '''[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]''': A technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, allowing the surgeon to operate on a still and bloodless heart.<br />
* '''[[Congenital heart disease]]''': Structural heart defects present at birth, often requiring surgical correction.<br />
* '''[[Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)]]''': A surgical procedure to reroute blood flow around blocked coronary arteries to improve blood supply to the heart muscle.<br />
* '''[[Cardiotomy]]''': A surgical procedure involving an incision into the heart.<br />
* '''[[Cardioplegia]]''': The temporary cessation of the heart's activity during surgery.<br />
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== D ==<br />
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* '''[[Decellularized homografts]]''': Biological grafts that have had their cells removed, often used in cardiac surgery.<br />
* '''[[Dor procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used to treat left ventricular aneurysms.<br />
* '''[[Damus–Kaye–Stansel procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used in the treatment of congenital heart defects.<br />
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== E ==<br />
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* '''[[Endoscopic vessel harvesting]]''': A minimally invasive technique for harvesting blood vessels for coronary artery bypass surgery.<br />
* '''[[External support]]''': Surgical techniques involving external support structures for the heart or blood vessels.<br />
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== F ==<br />
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* '''[[Fontan procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used to redirect blood flow in individuals with certain congenital heart defects.<br />
* '''[[Balloon septostomy]]''': A procedure involving the use of a balloon to enlarge an atrial septal defect.<br />
* '''[[Heart valve repair]]''': Surgical procedures aimed at repairing heart valves.<br />
* '''[[Heart valve replacement]]''': Surgical procedures involving the replacement of damaged or malfunctioning heart valves.<br />
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== H ==<br />
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* '''[[Henry Opitek]]''': A pioneering figure in cardiothoracic surgery.<br />
* '''[[Hyperhidrosis]]''': Excessive sweating, sometimes treated with surgical procedures.<br />
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== K ==<br />
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* '''[[Kawashima procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used to reroute blood flow in certain congenital heart conditions.<br />
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== L ==<br />
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* '''[[LeCompte maneuver]]''': A surgical technique used in certain congenital heart surgeries.<br />
* '''[[Lung surgery]]''': Surgical procedures involving the lungs, often used to treat lung cancer or other conditions.<br />
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== M ==<br />
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* '''[[Mitral valve repair]]''': Surgical repair of the mitral valve to correct issues like regurgitation or prolapse.<br />
* '''[[Mitral valve replacement]]''': Surgical replacement of the mitral valve.<br />
* '''[[Mustard procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used in the treatment of congenital heart defects.<br />
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== P ==<br />
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* '''[[Pericardiectomy]]''': Surgical removal of the pericardium (the sac around the heart).<br />
* '''[[Perfusionist]]''': A healthcare professional who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiac surgery.<br />
* '''[[Postperfusion syndrome]]''': A condition characterized by cognitive changes after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.<br />
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== R ==<br />
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* '''[[Rib removal]]''': Surgical removal of ribs, sometimes performed in thoracic surgery.<br />
* '''[[Ross procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used to treat aortic valve disease.<br />
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== S ==<br />
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* '''[[Sano shunt]]''': A surgical procedure used in congenital heart surgery.<br />
* '''[[Senning procedure]]''': A surgical procedure used in the treatment of certain congenital heart defects.<br />
* '''[[Valve-sparing aortic root replacement]]''': A surgical procedure to replace the aortic root while preserving the aortic valve.<br />
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== T ==<br />
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* '''[[Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery]]''': Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery performed through small incisions.<br />
* '''[[Transposition of the great arteries]]''': A congenital heart condition often treated with surgery.<br />
* '''[[Vasoplegic syndrome]]''': A condition characterized by low blood pressure after cardiac surgery.<br />
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== V ==<br />
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* '''[[Valvulotomy]]''': Surgical procedure involving the incision or removal of a valve.<br />
* '''[[Ventriculectomy]]''': Surgical removal of a portion of the heart's ventricle.<br />
* '''[[Video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS)]]''': A minimally invasive surgical technique for examining and treating chest conditions.<br />
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== List of Cardithoraci Surgeons (USA) ==<br />
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{{div col|colwidth=15em}}<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Alabama|Alabama]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Alaska|Alaska]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Arizona|Arizona]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Arkansas|Arkansas]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in California|California]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Colorado|Colorado]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Connecticut|Connecticut]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Delaware|Delaware]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Florida|Florida]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Georgia|Georgia]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Hawaii|Hawaii]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Idaho|Idaho]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Illinois|Illinois]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Indiana|Indiana]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Iowa|Iowa]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Kansas|Kansas]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Kentucky|Kentucky]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Louisiana|Louisiana]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Maine|Maine]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Maryland|Maryland]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Michigan|Michigan]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Minnesota|Minnesota]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Mississippi|Mississippi]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Missouri|Missouri]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Montana|Montana]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Nebraska|Nebraska]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Nevada|Nevada]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in New Jersey|New Jersey]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in New Mexico|New Mexico]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in New York|New York]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in North Dakota|North Dakota]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Ohio|Ohio]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Oregon|Oregon]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in South Carolina|South Carolina]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in South Dakota|South Dakota]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Tennessee|Tennessee]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Texas|Texas]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Utah|Utah]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Vermont|Vermont]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Virginia|Virginia]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Washington|Washington]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in West Virginia|West Virginia]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Wyoming|Wyoming]]<br />
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''' US territories'''<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in American Samoa|American Samoa]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Guam|Guam]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Northern Mariana Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in U.S. Virgin Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]<br />
* [[:Category:Cardiac surgery providers in District of Columbia|District of Columbia]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [http://cardiacsurgery.ctsnetbooks.org/cgi/content/full/2/2003/1095/F1?ck=nck Classification of aortic dissection]<br />
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== References ==<br />
* [http://cardiacsurgery.ctsnetbooks.org/?ck=nck Cardiac Surgery in the Adult]<br />
* [http://www.ctsnet.org/doc/4988 Extended Cervical Mediastinoscopy]<br />
* [http://www.tmc.edu/thi/mcst<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
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*[http://www.aats.org American Association for Thoracic Surgery]<br />
*[http://www.texheartsurgeons.com/ Advances in Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures]<br />
*[http://www.ctsnet.org/residents/ctsn/ Cardiothoracic Surgery Notes]<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{Cardiac surgery}}<br />
{{Thoracic surgery}}<br />
[[Category:Surgical specialties]]<br />
[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]<br />
[[Category:Thoracic surgery]]<br />
[[Category:Pulmonary thoracic surgery]]<br />
[[category:vascular surgery]]</div>Prab