Carbon - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T17:31:29Z

CSV import

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Carbon''' is a [[chemical element]] with the symbol '''C''' and [[atomic number]] 6. As a member of group 14 on the [[periodic table]], it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four [[electron]]s available to form [[covalent chemical bond]]s. It belongs to the [[p-block]]. Three [[isotope]]s occur naturally, [[Carbon-12|12C]] and [[Carbon-13|13C]] being stable, while [[Carbon-14|14C]] is a [[radionuclide]], decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.
+{{Short description|A chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6}}
-Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the [[Earth's crust]], and the fourth most abundant element in the [[universe]] by mass after [[hydrogen]], [[helium]], and [[oxygen]]. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known [[life]]. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.
+'''Carbon''' is a chemical element with the symbol '''C''' and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. Carbon is a member of group 14 of the periodic table. It is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.
-The [[atom]]s of carbon can bond together in diverse ways, resulting in various allotropes of carbon. The best known allotropes are [[graphite]], [[diamond]], and [[fullerenes]]. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is opaque and black, while diamond is highly transparent. Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper, while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known. Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is a semimetal with unusual electronic properties.
+==Properties==
-Carbon compounds form the basis of all known life on Earth, and the carbon-nitrogen cycle provides some of the energy produced by the [[Sun]] and other stars. Although it forms an enormous variety of compounds, most forms of carbon are relatively nonreactive under normal conditions. At high temperatures, carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and with hydrogen to form carbon monoxide.
+===Allotropes===
-In addition to its role in the [[biosphere]], carbon is a key ingredient in many energy sources, notably [[fossil fuel]]s like [[coal]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]]. It is also found in many [[plastic]]s, [[drug]]s, and other synthetic materials.
+* '''Diamond''' is a transparent crystal that is the hardest naturally occurring material known. It is used in cutting tools and jewelry.
-== Uses of Carbon ==
+[[File:Diamond-and-graphite-with-scale.jpg|thumb|right|Diamond (left) and graphite (right) are two allotropes of carbon.]]
-- '''[[Diamond]]''': Due to its extreme hardness and high thermal conductivity, diamond is used in cutting, grinding, and drilling tools, as well as in heat sinks.
+===Isotopes===
-- '''[[Graphite]]''': Employed in high-temperature lubricants, batteries, and lightweight structural materials.
+Carbon has two stable, naturally occurring isotopes: [[carbon-12]] and [[carbon-13]]. Carbon-12 is the most abundant, making up about 98.9% of carbon on Earth. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, used in [[radiocarbon dating]] to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years old.
-== Environmental Impact ==
+==Occurrence==
-Carbon plays a dual role in the Earth's environment. It is crucial for life, yet its emission in the form of [[carbon dioxide]] (CO2), a [[greenhouse gas]], from burning fossil fuels is a major driver of [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sequestration are vital to mitigating climate change.
+Carbon is found in all known life forms and is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass, after oxygen. It is a major component of [[biomolecules]] such as [[proteins]], [[lipids]], [[nucleic acids]], and [[carbohydrates]].
-== See Also ==
+===In the Earth===
-- [[Carbon cycle]]
+Carbon is found in the Earth's crust in the form of carbonates in minerals such as [[limestone]] and [[dolomite]], and in organic deposits such as [[coal]], [[peat]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]].
 [[Category:Chemical elements]]
 [[Category:Nonmetals]]

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T12:19:35Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 18 February 2025
Line 33:		Line 33:
	{{Chemistry-stub}}		{{Chemistry-stub}}
	{{stb}}		{{stb}}
			<gallery>
			File:Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg\|Carbon
			File:Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg\|Glassy carbon and a 1cm³ graphite cube
			File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg\|Eight Allotropes of Carbon
			File:C2014_Q2.jpg\|Carbon
			File:GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg\|Graphite Ore
			File:Rough_diamond.jpg\|Rough diamond
			File:Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_(GLODAP).png\|Annual mean sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon for the 1990s
			File:Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg\|Carbon cycle
			File:Methane-2D-stereo.svg\|Methane
			File:Auto-and_heterotrophs.png\|Auto and heterotrophs
			File:Akiba's_"hypervalent_carbon"_compound.png\|Akiba's "hypervalent carbon" compound
			File:Antoine_lavoisier.jpg\|Antoine Lavoisier
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-14T00:53:41Z

CSV import

New page

'''Carbon''' is a [[chemical element]] with the symbol '''C''' and [[atomic number]] 6. As a member of group 14 on the [[periodic table]], it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four [[electron]]s available to form [[covalent chemical bond]]s. It belongs to the [[p-block]]. Three [[isotope]]s occur naturally, [[Carbon-12|12C]] and [[Carbon-13|13C]] being stable, while [[Carbon-14|14C]] is a [[radionuclide]], decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.

Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the [[Earth's crust]], and the fourth most abundant element in the [[universe]] by mass after [[hydrogen]], [[helium]], and [[oxygen]]. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known [[life]]. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.

The [[atom]]s of carbon can bond together in diverse ways, resulting in various allotropes of carbon. The best known allotropes are [[graphite]], [[diamond]], and [[fullerenes]]. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is opaque and black, while diamond is highly transparent. Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper, while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known. Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is a semimetal with unusual electronic properties.

Carbon compounds form the basis of all known life on Earth, and the carbon-nitrogen cycle provides some of the energy produced by the [[Sun]] and other stars. Although it forms an enormous variety of compounds, most forms of carbon are relatively nonreactive under normal conditions. At high temperatures, carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and with hydrogen to form carbon monoxide.

In addition to its role in the [[biosphere]], carbon is a key ingredient in many energy sources, notably [[fossil fuel]]s like [[coal]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]]. It is also found in many [[plastic]]s, [[drug]]s, and other synthetic materials.

== Uses of Carbon ==
Carbon is used in various forms in numerous fields:

- '''[[Diamond]]''': Due to its extreme hardness and high thermal conductivity, diamond is used in cutting, grinding, and drilling tools, as well as in heat sinks.
- '''[[Graphite]]''': Employed in high-temperature lubricants, batteries, and lightweight structural materials.
- '''[[Activated carbon]]''': Used in water purification, gas purification, and in medical applications to treat poisonings and overdoses.
- '''[[Carbon fiber]]''': Known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, used in the manufacturing of composite materials for aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods.
- '''[[Carbon black]]''': Used as a reinforcing filler in tires and other rubber products and as a pigment in inks, coatings, and plastics.

== Environmental Impact ==
Carbon plays a dual role in the Earth's environment. It is crucial for life, yet its emission in the form of [[carbon dioxide]] (CO2), a [[greenhouse gas]], from burning fossil fuels is a major driver of [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sequestration are vital to mitigating climate change.

== See Also ==
- [[Carbon cycle]]
- [[Carbon footprint]]
- [[Carbon sequestration]]
- [[Greenhouse gas]]

[[Category:Chemical elements]]
[[Category:Nonmetals]]
[[Category:Carbon]]

{{Chemistry-stub}}
{{stb}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 18 February 2025
Line 33:		Line 33:
	{{Chemistry-stub}}		{{Chemistry-stub}}
	{{stb}}		{{stb}}
			<gallery>
			File:Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg\|Carbon
			File:Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg\|Glassy carbon and a 1cm³ graphite cube
			File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg\|Eight Allotropes of Carbon
			File:C2014_Q2.jpg\|Carbon
			File:GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg\|Graphite Ore
			File:Rough_diamond.jpg\|Rough diamond
			File:Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_(GLODAP).png\|Annual mean sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon for the 1990s
			File:Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg\|Carbon cycle
			File:Methane-2D-stereo.svg\|Methane
			File:Auto-and_heterotrophs.png\|Auto and heterotrophs
			File:Akiba's_"hypervalent_carbon"_compound.png\|Akiba's "hypervalent carbon" compound
			File:Antoine_lavoisier.jpg\|Antoine Lavoisier
			</gallery>