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[[File:Capsula_-_Argentinian_rock_garage_psychedelic_postpunk_band_-_Martin_Guevara_-_Coni_Duchess.jpg|thumb|right]] {{clear}} == Capsula ==

A '''capsula''' (plural: '''capsulae''') is a term used in [[anatomy]] and [[biology]] to describe a membranous or fibrous structure that encloses an organ, a joint, or other anatomical structures. The term is derived from the Latin word for "small box" or "container."

=== Types of Capsulae ===

There are several types of capsulae in the human body, each serving different functions:

* '''[[Capsule (anatomy)|Joint capsule]]''': This type of capsula surrounds [[synovial joints]], providing stability and containing the [[synovial fluid]] that lubricates the joint.
* '''[[Renal capsule]]''': A tough fibrous layer surrounding the [[kidney]] and covered in a layer of [[perirenal fat]].
* '''[[Glisson's capsule]]''': A layer of connective tissue surrounding the [[liver]].
* '''[[Capsule (microbiology)|Bacterial capsule]]''': A polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope of bacteria, providing protection against phagocytosis.

=== Functions ===

Capsulae serve several important functions in the body:

* **Protection**: They protect the enclosed structures from physical damage and infection.
* **Support**: They provide structural support to the organs and joints they enclose.
* **Containment**: They help contain fluids, such as synovial fluid in joints, ensuring proper lubrication and function.

=== Clinical Significance ===

Capsulae can be involved in various medical conditions:

* **[[Capsulitis]]**: Inflammation of a capsule, often seen in joints such as the shoulder (adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder").
* **[[Capsular contracture]]**: A complication of [[breast implants]] where the capsule around the implant tightens, causing pain and distortion.

=== Related Anatomical Structures ===

* [[Ligament]]
* [[Tendon]]
* [[Fascia]]
* [[Peritoneum]]

=== See Also ===

* [[Synovial membrane]]
* [[Fibrous connective tissue]]
* [[Organ (anatomy)]]

[[Category:Anatomy]]
[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Medical terminology]]

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Capsula - Revision history

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