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{{Short description|Genus of yeasts}}
{{Taxobox
| name = Candida
| image =
| image_caption =
| domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Fungi]]
| divisio = [[Ascomycota]]
| classis = [[Saccharomycetes]]
| ordo = [[Saccharomycetales]]
| familia = [[Saccharomycetaceae]]
| genus = '''''Candida'''''
| genus_authority = [[Berthold Seemann|Link]] (1809)
| type_species = ''[[Candida tropicalis]]''
| type_species_authority = (Castell.) Berkhout (1923)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See [[#Selected species|Selected species]]
}}

'''Candida''' is a genus of [[yeast]]s and is the most common cause of [[fungal infections]] worldwide. Many species are harmless [[commensals]] or [[endosymbionts]] of hosts including humans; however, when [[mucosal immunity]] is disrupted, they can cause [[opportunistic infections]]. ''Candida'' species are the most common cause of [[fungal infections]] in humans.

== Characteristics ==
''Candida'' species are typically [[unicellular]] and [[asexual reproduction|asexually]] reproduce by [[budding]]. They can form [[pseudohyphae]] and [[true hyphae]] under certain conditions. The genus includes about 200 species, but only a few are known to cause [[human disease]].

== Pathogenicity ==
''Candida'' species can cause [[candidiasis]] in humans, which can range from superficial infections such as [[oral thrush]] and [[vaginal yeast infections]] to systemic and potentially life-threatening diseases. The most common pathogenic species is ''[[Candida albicans]]'', but other species such as ''[[Candida glabrata]]'', ''[[Candida parapsilosis]]'', ''[[Candida tropicalis]]'', and ''[[Candida krusei]]'' are also significant.

=== Superficial Infections ===
Superficial infections caused by ''Candida'' species include [[oral candidiasis]], [[vulvovaginal candidiasis]], and [[cutaneous candidiasis]]. These infections are usually treated with [[antifungal]] medications such as [[fluconazole]] or [[nystatin]].

=== Systemic Infections ===
Systemic candidiasis occurs when ''Candida'' species enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. This can lead to [[candidemia]], [[endocarditis]], [[meningitis]], and other severe conditions. Systemic infections are more common in [[immunocompromised]] individuals, such as those with [[HIV/AIDS]], [[cancer]], or [[organ transplants]].

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of ''Candida'' infections typically involves [[microscopy]], [[culture (microbiology)|culture]], and [[molecular methods]] such as [[PCR]]. Blood cultures are often used to diagnose systemic infections.

== Treatment ==
Treatment of ''Candida'' infections depends on the severity and location of the infection. Superficial infections are usually treated with topical or oral antifungal agents, while systemic infections require intravenous antifungal therapy. Common antifungal drugs include [[fluconazole]], [[amphotericin B]], and [[echinocandins]].

== Selected species ==
* ''[[Candida albicans]]''
* ''[[Candida glabrata]]''
* ''[[Candida parapsilosis]]''
* ''[[Candida tropicalis]]''
* ''[[Candida krusei]]''

== See also ==
* [[Candidiasis]]
* [[Fungal infection]]
* [[Antifungal]]
* [[Opportunistic infection]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q105000}}

[[Category:Saccharomycetaceae]]
[[Category:Yeasts]]
[[Category:Pathogenic fungi]]
[[Category:Opportunistic pathogens]]
[[Category:Mycology]]

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Candida - Revision history

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