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{{short description|Ancient city in the Levant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Caesarea
| native_name =
| alternate_name =
| image =
| caption =
| map_type = Israel
| map_size = 250
| location = [[Israel]]
| region = [[Levant]]
| type = Settlement
| area =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs =
| cultures =
| condition =
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access =
| website =
| notes =
}}
'''Caesarea''' (also known as '''Caesarea Maritima''') is an ancient city located on the coast of present-day [[Israel]]. It was established by [[Herod the Great]] in the late 1st century BCE and named in honor of [[Caesar Augustus]]. The city served as a major port and the administrative center of the [[Roman province]] of [[Judea]].
==History==
===Foundation and Early Development===
Caesarea was founded by [[Herod the Great]] between 22 and 10 BCE. The city was built on the site of a small Phoenician port known as Straton's Tower. Herod constructed a grand city with a deep-sea harbor, aqueducts, a theater, and a hippodrome. The harbor, known as Sebastos, was one of the largest artificial harbors built in the open sea.
===Roman and Byzantine Periods===
Under Roman rule, Caesarea became the capital of the province of [[Judea]] and later the province of [[Palaestina Prima]]. The city flourished as a center of commerce and culture. It was also an important center for early [[Christianity]], with several significant events recorded in the [[Acts of the Apostles]].
During the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]], Caesarea continued to thrive. The city was home to a large Jewish community and several important Christian scholars, including [[Origen]] and [[Eusebius of Caesarea]].
===Islamic and Crusader Periods===
In 640 CE, Caesarea was conquered by the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] during the Muslim conquest of the Levant. The city remained under Muslim control until it was captured by the [[Crusaders]] in 1101. The Crusaders fortified the city, but it was eventually recaptured by the [[Mamluks]] in 1265, leading to its decline.
===Modern Period===
The ruins of Caesarea were excavated in the 20th century, revealing extensive remains of the ancient city. Today, Caesarea is a popular tourist destination and an important archaeological site.
==Archaeological Significance==
Caesarea is renowned for its well-preserved ruins, including the ancient harbor, the Roman theater, the aqueduct, and the hippodrome. The site also features the remains of a Byzantine church and a Crusader fortress.
==Related Pages==
* [[Herod the Great]]
* [[Roman province]]
* [[Judea]]
* [[Palaestina Prima]]
* [[Acts of the Apostles]]
* [[Origen]]
* [[Eusebius of Caesarea]]
* [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
* [[Crusaders]]
* [[Mamluks]]

[[Category:Ancient cities]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Israel]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Israel]]
[[Category:Byzantine sites in Israel]]
[[Category:Crusader castles]]
{{Ancient-site-stub}}

Caesarea - Revision history

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