CRSP3 - Revision history

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	{{~~Infobox_gene}}~~		{{Short description\|Overview of CRSP3}}
	~~'''Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MED23'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9989412">{{cite journal~~ \| ~~vauthors = Ryu S, Zhou S, Ladurner AG, Tjian R \| title = The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity~~ of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1 \| journal = Nature \| volume = 397 \| issue = 6718 \| pages = 446–50 \| date = Feb 1999 \| pmid = 9989412 \| pmc = \| doi = 10.1038/17141 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web \| title = Entrez Gene: CRSP3 ~~cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 3, 130kDa\| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9439\| accessdate =~~ }}~~</ref>~~

	== ~~Function~~ ==		==CRSP3==
			CRSP3, also known as [[C1orf115]], is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the [[transcription]]al regulation of genes. This protein is a component of the [[Mediator complex]], which is crucial for the transcription of nearly all [[RNA polymerase II]]-dependent genes. The Mediator complex serves as a bridge conveying information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal transcription machinery.

	The ~~activation~~ of ~~gene transcription~~ is a ~~multistep process~~ that ~~is triggered by factors that recognize~~ transcriptional ~~enhancer sites~~ in ~~DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus~~. The ~~protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation)~~ complex~~, which, along with TFIID,~~ is required for ~~efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component~~ of ~~other multisubunit complexes e.g~~. ~~thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein also~~ acts as a [[~~metastasis suppressor~~]]. ~~Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.<ref name="entrez"/>~~		==Function==
			The CRSP3 protein is a subunit of the [[Mediator complex]], which is a multi-protein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes. The Mediator complex is required for the transcription of nearly all class II gene promoters. It acts as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with [[RNA polymerase II]] and the general transcription factors.

	~~== Interactions ==~~		CRSP3 specifically is involved in the regulation of [[gene expression]] by interacting with various transcription factors. It plays a role in the activation of transcription by facilitating the recruitment of the Mediator complex to gene promoters.

	~~CRSP3 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction\|interact]] with [[Estrogen receptor alpha]],<ref name~~=~~pmid11867769>{{cite journal \| vauthors~~ = ~~Kang YK, Guermah M, Yuan CX, Roeder RG \| title~~ = The ~~TRAP/~~Mediator ~~coactivator~~ complex ~~interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro \| journal = Proceedings~~ of ~~the National Academy of Sciences~~ of the ~~United States of America \| volume = 99 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 2642–7 \| date = Mar 2002 \| pmid = 11867769 \| pmc = 122401 \| doi = 10.1073/pnas.261715899 }}</ref>~~ [[~~CEBPB~~]]<ref name=pmid14759369>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A \| title = Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta \| journal = Molecular Cell \| volume = 13 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 241–50 \| date = Jan 2004 \| pmid = 14759369 \| doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00521-5 }}</ref> and [[~~Cyclin-dependent kinase 8~~]].<ref name=pmid11867769/><ref name=pmid11416138>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Wang G, Cantin GT, Stevens JL, Berk AJ \| title = Characterization of mediator complexes from HeLa cell nuclear extract \| journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology \| volume = 21 \| issue = 14 \| pages = 4604–13 \| date = Jul 2001 \| pmid = 11416138 \| pmc = 87123 \| doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4604-4613.2001 }}</ref>		==Structure==
			The CRSP3 protein is part of the larger Mediator complex, which is composed of multiple subunits. The exact structure of CRSP3 within the complex is not fully elucidated, but it is known to interact with other subunits to form a functional unit that can interact with [[transcription factors]] and [[RNA polymerase II]].

	== ~~References~~ ==		==Clinical significance==
	~~{{reflist}}~~		While specific diseases directly associated with mutations in CRSP3 have not been extensively documented, the Mediator complex, including CRSP3, is essential for normal cellular function. Disruptions in the function of the Mediator complex can lead to a variety of diseases, including certain types of [[cancer]] and [[developmental disorders]].

	==~~External links~~==		==Research==
	* {{UCSC gene info\|MED23}}		Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise role of CRSP3 within the Mediator complex and its interactions with other proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Studies are also exploring the potential implications of CRSP3 in various diseases, aiming to develop targeted therapies that can modulate its activity.

	== ~~Further reading ==~~		==Related pages==
	~~{{refbegin \| 2}}~~		* [[Mediator complex]]
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Rachez C, Lemon BD, Suldan Z, Bromleigh V, Gamble M, Näär AM, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Freedman LP \| title = Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex \| journal = Nature \| volume = 398 \| issue = 6730 \| pages = 824–8 \| date = Apr 1999 \| pmid = 10235266 \| doi = 10.1038/19783 }}		* [[Transcription (biology)]]
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Näär AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, Abraham S, Solomon W, Tjian R \| title = Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation \| journal = Nature \| volume = 398 \| issue = 6730 \| pages = ~~828–32 \| date = Apr 1999 \| pmid~~ = ~~10235267 \| doi = 10.1038/19789 }}~~		* [[RNA polymerase II]]
	* ~~{{cite journal \| vauthors = Boyer TG, Martin ME, Lees E, Ricciardi RP, Berk AJ \| title = Mammalian Srb/~~Mediator complex ~~is targeted by adenovirus E1A protein \| journal = Nature \| volume = 399 \| issue = 6733 \| pages = 276–9 \| date = May 1999 \| pmid = 10353252 \| doi = 10.1038/20466 }}~~		* [[Gene expression]]
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Nomura N, Ohara O \| title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro \| journal = DNA Research \| volume = 6 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 337–45 \| date = Oct 1999 \| pmid = 10574462 \| doi = 10.1093/dnares/6.5.337 \| doi-access = free }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Ko L, Cardona GR, Chin WW \| title = Thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, an LXXLL motif-containing protein, functions as a general coactivator \| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \| volume = 97 \| issue = 11 \| pages = 6212–7 \| date = May 2000 \| pmid = 10823961 \| pmc = 18584 \| doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.11.6212 }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA \| title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination \| journal = Genome Research \| volume = 10 \| issue = 11 \| pages = 1788–95 \| date = Nov 2000 \| pmid = 11076863 \| pmc = 310948 \| doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A \| title = Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs \| journal = Genome Research \| volume = 11 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 422–35 \| date = Mar 2001 \| pmid = 11230166 \| pmc = 311072 \| doi = 10.1101/gr.GR1547R }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Stevens JL, Cantin GT, Wang G, Shevchenko A, Shevchenko A, Berk AJ \| title = Transcription control by E1A and MAP kinase pathway via Sur2 mediator subunit \| journal = Science \| volume = 296 \| issue = 5568 \| pages = 755–8 \| date = Apr 2002 \| pmid = 11934987 \| doi = 10.1126/science.1068943 }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Asada S, Choi Y, Yamada M, Wang SC, Hung MC, Qin J, Uesugi M \| title = External control of Her2 expression and cancer cell growth by targeting a Ras-linked coactivator \| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \| volume = 99 \| issue = 20 \| pages = 12747–52 \| date = Oct 2002 \| pmid = 12242338 \| pmc = 130531 \| doi = 10.1073/pnas.202162199 }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O \| title = Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a functionally classified library composed of long cDNAs \| journal = Genome Research \| volume = 12 \| issue = 11 \| pages = 1773–84 \| date = Nov 2002 \| pmid = 12421765 \| pmc = 187542 \| doi = 10.1101/gr.406902 }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Goldberg SF, Miele ME, Hatta N, Takata M, Paquette-Straub C, Freedman LP, Welch DR \| title = Melanoma metastasis suppression by chromosome 6: evidence for a pathway regulated by CRSP3 and TXNIP \| journal = Cancer Research \| volume = 63 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 432–40 \| date = Jan 2003 \| pmid = 12543799 \| doi = }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Banks CA, Parmely TJ, Sorokina I, Brower CS, Conaway RC, Conaway JW \| title = A mammalian homolog of Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional coactivator intersex is a subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex \| journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry \| volume = 278 \| issue = 50 \| pages = 49671–4 \| date = Dec 2003 \| pmid = 14576168 \| doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300444200 \| doi-access = free }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Parmely TJ, Banks CA, Sorokina I, Florens L, Zybailov B, Washburn MP, Brower CS, Conaway RC, Conaway JW \| title = A mammalian mediator subunit that shares properties with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediator subunit Cse2 \| journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry \| volume = 279 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 5846–51 \| date = Feb 2004 \| pmid = 14638676 \| doi = 10.1074/jbc.M312523200 \| doi-access = free }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A \| title = Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta \| journal = Molecular Cell \| volume = 13 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 241–50 \| date = Jan 2004 \| pmid = 14759369 \| doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)~~00521-5 }}~~
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Parmely TJ, Florens L, Zybailov B, Swanson SK, Banks CA, Jin J, Cai Y, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC \| title = A set of consensus mammalian mediator subunits identified by multidimensional protein identification technology \| journal = Molecular Cell \| volume = 14 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 685–91 \| date = Jun 2004 \| pmid = 15175163 \| doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.006 \| doi-access = free }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Wada O, Oishi H, Takada I, Yanagisawa J, Yano T, Kato S \| title = BRCA1 function mediates a TRAP/DRIP complex through direct interaction with TRAP220 \| journal = Oncogene \| volume = 23 \| issue = 35 \| pages = 6000–5 \| date = Aug 2004 \| pmid = 15208681 \| doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1207786 \| doi-access = free }}
	* {{cite journal \| vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A \| title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline \| journal = Genome Research \| volume = 14 \| issue = 10B \| pages = 2136–44 \| date = Oct 2004 \| pmid = 15489336 \| pmc = 528930 \| doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
	~~{{refend}}~~

			[[Category:Human proteins]]
	~~{{gene-6-stub}}~~		[[Category:Transcription factors]]
	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~
	~~{{No image}}~~

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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MED23'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid9989412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ryu S, Zhou S, Ladurner AG, Tjian R | title = The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1 | journal = Nature | volume = 397 | issue = 6718 | pages = 446–50 | date = Feb 1999 | pmid = 9989412 | pmc = | doi = 10.1038/17141 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CRSP3 cofactor required for Sp1 transcriptional activation, subunit 3, 130kDa| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9439| accessdate = }}</ref>

== Function ==

The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. This protein also acts as a [[metastasis suppressor]]. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.<ref name="entrez"/>

== Interactions ==

CRSP3 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[Estrogen receptor alpha]],<ref name=pmid11867769>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kang YK, Guermah M, Yuan CX, Roeder RG | title = The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 5 | pages = 2642–7 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11867769 | pmc = 122401 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.261715899 }}</ref> [[CEBPB]]<ref name=pmid14759369>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A | title = Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–50 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14759369 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00521-5 }}</ref> and [[Cyclin-dependent kinase 8]].<ref name=pmid11867769/><ref name=pmid11416138>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang G, Cantin GT, Stevens JL, Berk AJ | title = Characterization of mediator complexes from HeLa cell nuclear extract | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 14 | pages = 4604–13 | date = Jul 2001 | pmid = 11416138 | pmc = 87123 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4604-4613.2001 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|MED23}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rachez C, Lemon BD, Suldan Z, Bromleigh V, Gamble M, Näär AM, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Freedman LP | title = Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex | journal = Nature | volume = 398 | issue = 6730 | pages = 824–8 | date = Apr 1999 | pmid = 10235266 | doi = 10.1038/19783 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Näär AM, Beaurang PA, Zhou S, Abraham S, Solomon W, Tjian R | title = Composite co-activator ARC mediates chromatin-directed transcriptional activation | journal = Nature | volume = 398 | issue = 6730 | pages = 828–32 | date = Apr 1999 | pmid = 10235267 | doi = 10.1038/19789 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Boyer TG, Martin ME, Lees E, Ricciardi RP, Berk AJ | title = Mammalian Srb/Mediator complex is targeted by adenovirus E1A protein | journal = Nature | volume = 399 | issue = 6733 | pages = 276–9 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10353252 | doi = 10.1038/20466 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 337–45 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10574462 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/6.5.337 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ko L, Cardona GR, Chin WW | title = Thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, an LXXLL motif-containing protein, functions as a general coactivator | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 11 | pages = 6212–7 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10823961 | pmc = 18584 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.11.6212 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA | title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 1788–95 | date = Nov 2000 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 310948 | doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A | title = Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 422–35 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11230166 | pmc = 311072 | doi = 10.1101/gr.GR1547R }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens JL, Cantin GT, Wang G, Shevchenko A, Shevchenko A, Berk AJ | title = Transcription control by E1A and MAP kinase pathway via Sur2 mediator subunit | journal = Science | volume = 296 | issue = 5568 | pages = 755–8 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11934987 | doi = 10.1126/science.1068943 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Asada S, Choi Y, Yamada M, Wang SC, Hung MC, Qin J, Uesugi M | title = External control of Her2 expression and cancer cell growth by targeting a Ras-linked coactivator | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 20 | pages = 12747–52 | date = Oct 2002 | pmid = 12242338 | pmc = 130531 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.202162199 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O | title = Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a functionally classified library composed of long cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 1773–84 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12421765 | pmc = 187542 | doi = 10.1101/gr.406902 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Goldberg SF, Miele ME, Hatta N, Takata M, Paquette-Straub C, Freedman LP, Welch DR | title = Melanoma metastasis suppression by chromosome 6: evidence for a pathway regulated by CRSP3 and TXNIP | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 63 | issue = 2 | pages = 432–40 | date = Jan 2003 | pmid = 12543799 | doi = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Banks CA, Parmely TJ, Sorokina I, Brower CS, Conaway RC, Conaway JW | title = A mammalian homolog of Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional coactivator intersex is a subunit of the mammalian Mediator complex | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 50 | pages = 49671–4 | date = Dec 2003 | pmid = 14576168 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C300444200 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Parmely TJ, Banks CA, Sorokina I, Florens L, Zybailov B, Washburn MP, Brower CS, Conaway RC, Conaway JW | title = A mammalian mediator subunit that shares properties with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediator subunit Cse2 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 7 | pages = 5846–51 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14638676 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M312523200 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A | title = Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–50 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14759369 | doi = 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00521-5 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Parmely TJ, Florens L, Zybailov B, Swanson SK, Banks CA, Jin J, Cai Y, Washburn MP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC | title = A set of consensus mammalian mediator subunits identified by multidimensional protein identification technology | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 685–91 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15175163 | doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.006 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wada O, Oishi H, Takada I, Yanagisawa J, Yano T, Kato S | title = BRCA1 function mediates a TRAP/DRIP complex through direct interaction with TRAP220 | journal = Oncogene | volume = 23 | issue = 35 | pages = 6000–5 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15208681 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1207786 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A | title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 10B | pages = 2136–44 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15489336 | pmc = 528930 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
{{refend}}

{{gene-6-stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}