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	~~'''~~CD86''' (also known as '''B7-2''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD86 gene. CD86 is a type of protein called a [[cell surface receptor]] that is expressed on [[antigen-presenting cells]]. It provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: [[CD28]] (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and [[CTLA-4]] (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD86 works in tandem with [[CD80]] to prime T cells.		== CD86 ==

	~~== Function ==~~		[[File:CTLA4_Diagram.png\|thumb\|right\|Diagram illustrating the interaction between CD86 and CTLA-4.]]

	~~The~~ CD86 ~~protein~~ is a ~~member of the [[immunoglobulin superfamily]]. It is found~~ on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ~~including~~ [[macrophages]] and [[~~dendritic~~ cells]]. It ~~provides~~ a ~~costimulatory signal which aids~~ in the activation of T cells~~, a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in immunity~~. CD86 ~~acts as~~ a ~~receptor for both CD28~~ and ~~CTLA~~-~~4, proteins found on the surface of T cells~~.		'''CD86''' is a protein expressed on the surface of [[antigen-presenting cells]] (APCs) such as [[dendritic cells]], [[macrophages]], and [[B cells]]. It plays a crucial role in the [[immune system]] by providing necessary signals for the activation of [[T cells]]. CD86 is a member of the [[B7 family]] of proteins and is also known as B7-2.

	== ~~Clinical significance~~ ==		== Structure ==
			CD86 is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the [[immunoglobulin superfamily]]. It consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is responsible for binding to its ligands, [[CD28]] and [[CTLA-4]], on T cells.

	CD86 ~~has been implicated in several diseases~~, ~~including~~ [[~~asthma~~]], [[~~rheumatoid arthritis~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~cancer~~]]. ~~In cancer, it is thought~~ to ~~play~~ a ~~role in tumor evasion of the immune system. In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis~~, ~~it is thought to play a role in the inappropriate activation of the immune system~~.		== Function ==
			CD86, along with [[CD80]] (B7-1), provides the second signal necessary for T cell activation. The first signal is provided by the interaction of the [[T cell receptor]] (TCR) with the [[major histocompatibility complex]] (MHC) presenting an [[antigen]]. The binding of CD86 to CD28 on T cells delivers a costimulatory signal that promotes T cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine production.
	~~== Interactions ==~~

	CD86 ~~has been shown to [[Protein~~-protein ~~interaction\|interact]] with~~ [[~~CD28~~]] and [[~~CTLA4~~]].		Conversely, the interaction of CD86 with CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) delivers an inhibitory signal that downregulates T cell responses. This balance between activation and inhibition is crucial for maintaining [[immune homeostasis]] and preventing [[autoimmunity]].

	== ~~See also~~ ==		== Clinical Significance ==
			CD86 is a target for therapeutic interventions in various [[autoimmune diseases]], [[transplant rejection]], and [[cancer]]. Modulating the CD86 pathway can enhance or suppress immune responses, depending on the clinical context. For instance, blocking the interaction between CD86 and CTLA-4 can enhance anti-tumor immunity, while promoting this interaction can help in treating autoimmune conditions.

	* [[Cluster of differentiation]]		== Related Pages ==
	* [[CD80]]		* [[CD80]]
	* [[CTLA-4]]		* [[CTLA-4]]
	* [[CD28]]		* [[CD28]]
			* [[Antigen-presenting cell]]
	~~== References ==~~		* [[Immune system]]

	~~<references />~~

	~~== External links ==~~

	* [~~https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/CD86 CD86~~] ~~at WikiMD~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

	[[Category:Immunology]]		[[Category:Immunology]]
	[[Category:Proteins]]		[[Category:Proteins]]
	~~[[Category:Cell biology]]~~

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2024-02-20T06:18:54Z

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'''CD86''' (also known as '''B7-2''') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD86 gene. CD86 is a type of protein called a [[cell surface receptor]] that is expressed on [[antigen-presenting cells]]. It provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: [[CD28]] (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and [[CTLA-4]] (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation). CD86 works in tandem with [[CD80]] to prime T cells.

== Function ==

The CD86 protein is a member of the [[immunoglobulin superfamily]]. It is found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including [[macrophages]] and [[dendritic cells]]. It provides a costimulatory signal which aids in the activation of T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in immunity. CD86 acts as a receptor for both CD28 and CTLA-4, proteins found on the surface of T cells.

== Clinical significance ==

CD86 has been implicated in several diseases, including [[asthma]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], and [[cancer]]. In cancer, it is thought to play a role in tumor evasion of the immune system. In autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, it is thought to play a role in the inappropriate activation of the immune system.

== Interactions ==

CD86 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[CD28]] and [[CTLA4]].

== See also ==

* [[Cluster of differentiation]]
* [[CD80]]
* [[CTLA-4]]
* [[CD28]]

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/CD86 CD86] at WikiMD

{{stub}}

[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]

CD86 - Revision history

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Prab: CSV import