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2025-02-16T16:26:04Z

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-'''CD68''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD68 gene. It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein primarily localizes in lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. It is a type of glycoprotein and is found in macrophages and derived from a hematopoietic stem cell.
+== Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ==
-== Function ==
+[[File:Xanthogranulomatous_pyelonephritis_cd68.jpg|thumb|right|CD68 staining in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
-== Clinical significance ==
+'''Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis''' is a rare, severe, chronic inflammatory disorder of the kidney characterized by the destruction of renal parenchyma and its replacement with granulomatous tissue containing lipid-laden macrophages, also known as xanthoma cells. This condition is often associated with [[urinary tract infection]]s and [[obstructive uropathy]].
-== See also ==
+== Pathophysiology ==
-== References ==
+The pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is not completely understood, but it is believed to involve chronic infection and obstruction. The obstruction, often due to [[kidney stones]] or [[hydronephrosis]], leads to impaired drainage and stasis of urine, creating an environment conducive to infection. The chronic infection results in an inflammatory response, with the recruitment of macrophages that ingest lipids, forming the characteristic xanthoma cells.
-[[Category:Proteins]]
+== Clinical Presentation ==
-{{stub}}
+Patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis typically present with symptoms of chronic kidney infection, such as fever, flank pain, and malaise. There may also be a palpable mass in the flank region. Laboratory findings often include leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Urinalysis may show pyuria and bacteriuria.

Prab: CSV import

2024-02-25T22:01:49Z

CSV import

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'''CD68''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD68 gene. It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein primarily localizes in lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. It is a type of glycoprotein and is found in macrophages and derived from a hematopoietic stem cell.

== Function ==
CD68 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein that is expressed in several tissues of the body. It is particularly abundant in macrophages and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The protein serves as a marker for these cells, allowing them to be identified and studied. CD68 is involved in the uptake and degradation of material by cells, a process known as phagocytosis. It is also thought to play a role in the immune response.

== Clinical significance ==
CD68 is used as a diagnostic tool in pathology. It is used to identify the presence of macrophages in tissue samples, which can indicate an immune response. It is also used to identify certain types of tumors, particularly those derived from monocytes or macrophages. CD68 is also used in research to understand the role of macrophages in disease.

== See also ==
* [[Macrophage]]
* [[Monocyte]]
* [[Phagocytosis]]
* [[Glycoprotein]]
* [[Lysosome]]
* [[Endosome]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Pathology]]
[[Category:Diagnostic tools]]

{{stub}}

CD68 - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import