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[[File:BjarneStroustrup.jpg|BjarneStroustrup|thumb]] '''C++''' is a high-level [[programming language]] developed by [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ extends the [[C programming language]] with [[object-oriented programming]] features, including classes and templates, making it a powerful language for system software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. It is considered an intermediate-level language, as it encapsulates both high- and low-level language features.

== History ==
The development of C++ began as an enhancement to the C programming language to support [[object-oriented programming]] (OOP). Stroustrup wanted to create a language that had the efficiency and flexibility of C but provided higher-level features for program organization. C++ was originally called "C with Classes" but was renamed C++ in 1983, with the ++ operator in C incrementing a value. The first commercial implementation of C++ was released in October 1985.

C++ has undergone several updates and revisions over the years, with the [[Standardization|standardization]] process being managed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The first standardized version of C++ was released in 1998, known as C++98. Subsequent updates include C++03, C++11, C++14, C++17, and C++20, each adding improvements and new features to the language.

== Features ==
C++ is known for its features that support a variety of programming styles including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. Key features include:

* '''Classes and Objects:''' The cornerstone of OOP, allowing data and functions to be encapsulated together in an object.
* '''Templates:''' Enable generic programming by allowing functions and classes to operate with generic types.
* '''Memory Management:''' C++ supports both automatic and manual memory management, but unlike some languages, it does not have garbage collection.
* '''Multiple Inheritance:''' Allows a class to inherit from more than one base class.
* '''Operator Overloading:''' Allows custom implementation of operations for user-defined types.
* '''Standard Template Library (STL):''' A collection of classes and functions for common algorithms, data structures, and iterators.

== Applications ==
C++ is used in a wide range of applications. It is particularly popular in systems software, application software, high-performance servers, and client applications. Notable applications of C++ include operating systems (such as parts of [[Microsoft Windows]]), major parts of popular web browsers (like [[Google Chrome]] and [[Mozilla Firefox]]), and the development of many video games and game engines.

== Standardization ==
The standardization of C++ is overseen by the ISO, specifically by the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 committee, also known as the C++ Standards Committee. The standardization process ensures that C++ remains a stable, backwards-compatible language while also evolving to meet the needs of modern software development.

== Future Directions ==
The future of C++ is focused on improving the language's safety, concurrency, and simplicity. The C++ Standards Committee continues to work on these areas for future versions of the language, with a strong emphasis on maintaining backward compatibility with existing C++ code.

[[Category:Programming languages]]
[[Category:C++]]
[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]]
[[Category:Systems programming languages]]
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C++ - Revision history

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