Brunner syndrome - Revision history

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Brunner syndrome
			\| image = [[File:X-linked_recessive_(carrier_mother).svg\|200px]]
			\| caption = Brunner syndrome is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.
			\| synonyms = Monoamine oxidase A deficiency
			\| field = [[Medical genetics]]
			\| symptoms = [[Impulsivity]], [[aggression]], [[mood swings]], [[mild intellectual disability]]
			\| onset = Childhood
			\| duration = Lifelong
			\| causes = Mutations in the [[MAOA]] gene
			\| risks = Family history of the condition
			\| diagnosis = [[Genetic testing]], [[clinical evaluation]]
			\| differential = [[Conduct disorder]], [[antisocial personality disorder]]
			\| treatment = [[Behavioral therapy]], [[medication]]
			\| prognosis = Variable, depends on management
			\| frequency = Very rare
			}}
	'''Brunner syndrome''' is a rare genetic disorder associated with abnormal production of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). It is characterized by lower than normal intelligence, behavioral problems, and a tendency towards violence. The syndrome is named after [[Hans Brunner]], the Dutch human geneticist who first described it.		'''Brunner syndrome''' is a rare genetic disorder associated with abnormal production of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). It is characterized by lower than normal intelligence, behavioral problems, and a tendency towards violence. The syndrome is named after [[Hans Brunner]], the Dutch human geneticist who first described it.

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	The symptoms of Brunner syndrome can vary greatly from person to person. However, common symptoms include:		The symptoms of Brunner syndrome can vary greatly from person to person. However, common symptoms include:

	* Lower than normal intelligence		* Lower than normal intelligence
	* Behavioral problems		* Behavioral problems
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	* Mood swings		* Mood swings
	* Sleep disturbances		* Sleep disturbances

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==
	Brunner syndrome is caused by mutations in the [[MAOA]] gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A, which is involved in the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain. Mutations in the MAOA gene lead to reduced activity of this enzyme, which can result in an imbalance of chemicals in the brain and the symptoms of Brunner syndrome.		Brunner syndrome is caused by mutations in the [[MAOA]] gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A, which is involved in the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain. Mutations in the MAOA gene lead to reduced activity of this enzyme, which can result in an imbalance of chemicals in the brain and the symptoms of Brunner syndrome.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Diagnosis of Brunner syndrome is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and a variety of specialized tests. Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis.		Diagnosis of Brunner syndrome is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and a variety of specialized tests. Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis.

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	There is currently no cure for Brunner syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include medications to manage symptoms, behavioral therapy, and educational support.		There is currently no cure for Brunner syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include medications to manage symptoms, behavioral therapy, and educational support.

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[Genetic disorder]]		* [[Genetic disorder]]
	* [[Monoamine oxidase A]]		* [[Monoamine oxidase A]]
	* [[Hans Brunner]]		* [[Hans Brunner]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* [https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/Brunner_syndrome WikiMD: Brunner syndrome]		* [https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/Brunner_syndrome WikiMD: Brunner syndrome]

	[[Category:Genetic disorders]]		[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
	[[Category:Rare diseases]]		[[Category:Rare diseases]]
	[[Category:Syndromes]]		[[Category:Syndromes]]

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}


	~~== Brunner syndrome ==~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:X-linked_recessive_(carrier_mother).svg~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	== Brunner syndrome ==		== Brunner syndrome ==

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			== Brunner syndrome ==
			<gallery>
			File:X-linked_recessive_(carrier_mother).svg
			</gallery>

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'''Brunner syndrome''' is a rare genetic disorder associated with abnormal production of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). It is characterized by lower than normal intelligence, behavioral problems, and a tendency towards violence. The syndrome is named after [[Hans Brunner]], the Dutch human geneticist who first described it.

== Symptoms ==
The symptoms of Brunner syndrome can vary greatly from person to person. However, common symptoms include:

* Lower than normal intelligence
* Behavioral problems
* Tendency towards violence
* Impulsivity
* Mood swings
* Sleep disturbances

== Causes ==
Brunner syndrome is caused by mutations in the [[MAOA]] gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A, which is involved in the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain. Mutations in the MAOA gene lead to reduced activity of this enzyme, which can result in an imbalance of chemicals in the brain and the symptoms of Brunner syndrome.

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of Brunner syndrome is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and a variety of specialized tests. Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis.

== Treatment ==
There is currently no cure for Brunner syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include medications to manage symptoms, behavioral therapy, and educational support.

== See also ==
* [[Genetic disorder]]
* [[Monoamine oxidase A]]
* [[Hans Brunner]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/Brunner_syndrome WikiMD: Brunner syndrome]

[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Rare diseases]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]

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