Brodmann area 12 - Revision history

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	~~'''~~Brodmann area 12~~''' is~~ a region of the ~~[[brain]] that is part of the [[prefrontal~~ cortex]]. It was first identified by the German neurologist [[Korbinian Brodmann]] in the early 20th century. Brodmann area 12 is one of the 52 regions of the brain that Brodmann identified based on their cytoarchitectonic characteristics.		{{Short description\|Brodmann area 12, a region of the cerebral cortex}}

	==~~Location and Boundaries~~==		[[File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation\|thumb\|right]]
	Brodmann area 12 is located in the [[frontal lobe]]~~, specifically in~~ the [[~~prefrontal~~ cortex]]. It is ~~bounded by~~ [[Brodmann area 11]] ~~anteriorly,~~ [[Brodmann area ~~9]] posteriorly~~, ~~and~~ [[Brodmann area 10]] ~~superiorly~~.
			'''Brodmann area 12''' is a subdivision of the [[cerebral cortex]] in the brain, defined based on its [[cytoarchitecture]]. It is part of the [[frontal lobe]] and is involved in various higher cognitive functions. This area is named after [[Korbinian Brodmann]], who first described it in the early 20th century.

			==Anatomy==
			[[File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view\|thumb\|left]]
			Brodmann area 12 is located in the [[frontal lobe]] of the [[cerebral cortex]]. It is situated anterior to [[Brodmann area 11]] and is often considered part of the [[orbitofrontal cortex]]. The precise boundaries of Brodmann area 12 can vary between individuals, but it is generally found on the ventral surface of the frontal lobe.

			==Cytoarchitecture==
			[[File:Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_12.png\|Brodmann area 12 cytoarchitectonics\|thumb\|right]]
			The cytoarchitecture of Brodmann area 12 is characterized by a distinct layering of neurons. This area is known for its granular appearance, with a prominent layer IV, which is typical of sensory areas. The organization of neurons in Brodmann area 12 suggests its involvement in complex processing tasks.

	==Function==		==Function==
	~~The exact function of~~ Brodmann area 12 is ~~not fully understood, but it is believed to be involved in [[~~cognitive ~~processing]]~~, [[decision making]], and [[emotional regulation]]. It is ~~also thought to play a role in~~ [[~~social cognition~~]], which ~~involves understanding~~ and ~~interpreting~~ the ~~behavior~~ of ~~others~~.		Brodmann area 12 is associated with a variety of cognitive functions, including decision making, social behavior, and emotional regulation. It is part of the [[prefrontal cortex]], which is crucial for executive functions such as planning, reasoning, and problem-solving. The orbitofrontal location of Brodmann area 12 suggests its involvement in processing reward-related information and evaluating the emotional significance of stimuli.

	==Clinical ~~Significance~~==		==Clinical significance==
	~~Alterations~~ in Brodmann area 12 ~~have~~ been ~~associated with~~ several ~~neurological and psychiatric~~ conditions~~, including~~ [[~~schizophrenia~~]], [[~~bipolar disorder~~]], and [[~~major depressive disorder~~]]. ~~In addition, damage to this~~ area ~~can result~~ in ~~[[cognitive impairment]] and changes in personality~~.		Dysfunction in Brodmann area 12 has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Abnormalities in this region may contribute to conditions such as [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[depression]], and [[schizophrenia]]. Understanding the role of Brodmann area 12 in these disorders is an ongoing area of research.

	==~~Research~~==		==Related pages==
	~~Research on~~ Brodmann area ~~12 is ongoing, with scientists using techniques such as~~ [[~~functional magnetic resonance imaging~~]] ~~(fMRI) and~~ [[~~positron emission tomography~~]] ~~(PET) to study its structure and function. These studies are helping to improve our understanding of the role of this area in health and disease.~~		* [[Brodmann area 11]]
			* [[Orbitofrontal cortex]]
			* [[Prefrontal cortex]]
			* [[Korbinian Brodmann]]

	==See ~~Also~~==		[[File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view\|thumb\|left]]
	* [[Brodmann ~~area~~]]
	* [[~~Prefrontal~~ cortex]]		==See also==
			* [[List of Brodmann areas]]
			* [[Cerebral cortex]]
	* [[Frontal lobe]]		* [[Frontal lobe]]
	* [[Cognitive processing]]
	* [[Social cognition]]

	[[Category:~~Neuroanatomy~~]]		{{Brodmann areas}}
	[[Category:~~Brain~~]]
	[[Category:~~Neuroscience~~]]		[[Category:Brodmann areas]]
	~~{{Neuroscience-stub}}~~		[[Category:Frontal lobe]]
	~~<gallery>~~		[[Category:Cerebral cortex]]
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation~~
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view~~
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_12.png\|Brodmann area 12 cytoarchitectonics~~
	~~File:Gray726-Brodman.svg\|Brodmann area 12 location~~
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation~~
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view~~
	~~File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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2025-02-18T04:38:57Z

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	{{Neuroscience-stub}}		{{Neuroscience-stub}}
	<gallery>		<gallery>
			File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation
			File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view
			File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view
			</gallery>
			<gallery>
			File:Brodmann_Cytoarchitectonics_12.png\|Brodmann area 12 cytoarchitectonics
			File:Gray726-Brodman.svg\|Brodmann area 12 location
	File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation		File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation
	File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view		File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view
	File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view		File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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2025-02-18T03:52:08Z

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	[[Category:Neuroscience]]		[[Category:Neuroscience]]
	{{Neuroscience-stub}}		{{Neuroscience-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Brodmann_area_12_animation_small.gif\|Brodmann area 12 animation
			File:Brodmann_area_12_frontal.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 frontal view
			File:Brodmann_area_12_medial.jpg\|Brodmann area 12 medial view
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-05T17:13:34Z

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New page

'''Brodmann area 12''' is a region of the [[brain]] that is part of the [[prefrontal cortex]]. It was first identified by the German neurologist [[Korbinian Brodmann]] in the early 20th century. Brodmann area 12 is one of the 52 regions of the brain that Brodmann identified based on their cytoarchitectonic characteristics.

==Location and Boundaries==
Brodmann area 12 is located in the [[frontal lobe]], specifically in the [[prefrontal cortex]]. It is bounded by [[Brodmann area 11]] anteriorly, [[Brodmann area 9]] posteriorly, and [[Brodmann area 10]] superiorly.

==Function==
The exact function of Brodmann area 12 is not fully understood, but it is believed to be involved in [[cognitive processing]], [[decision making]], and [[emotional regulation]]. It is also thought to play a role in [[social cognition]], which involves understanding and interpreting the behavior of others.

==Clinical Significance==
Alterations in Brodmann area 12 have been associated with several neurological and psychiatric conditions, including [[schizophrenia]], [[bipolar disorder]], and [[major depressive disorder]]. In addition, damage to this area can result in [[cognitive impairment]] and changes in personality.

==Research==
Research on Brodmann area 12 is ongoing, with scientists using techniques such as [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (fMRI) and [[positron emission tomography]] (PET) to study its structure and function. These studies are helping to improve our understanding of the role of this area in health and disease.

==See Also==
* [[Brodmann area]]
* [[Prefrontal cortex]]
* [[Frontal lobe]]
* [[Cognitive processing]]
* [[Social cognition]]

[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Brain]]
[[Category:Neuroscience]]
{{Neuroscience-stub}}