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2025-04-04T19:17:40Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 4 April 2025
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	[[File:3D_rendered_CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpg\|3D rendered CT of hip bone metastases\|thumb]] [[File:ScleroticMets.PNG\|ScleroticMets\|thumb~~\|left~~]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg\|Metastasis sites for common cancers\|thumb~~\|left~~]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg#Summary\|Metastasis sites for common cancers#Summary\|thumb]] [[File:CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpeg\|CT of hip bone metastases\|thumb]] '''Bone metastasis''' refers to the spread of [[cancer]] cells from their original (primary) site to the [[bone]]. It is a common occurrence in advanced cancers, particularly those of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney. Bone metastases can lead to serious health complications, including pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood), significantly impacting a patient's quality of life.		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Bone metastasis
			\| image = [[File:3D_rendered_CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = 3D rendered CT of hip bone metastases
			\| field = [[Oncology]]
			\| synonyms = Metastatic bone disease
			\| symptoms = [[Bone pain]], [[fracture]]s, [[hypercalcemia]], [[spinal cord compression]]
			\| complications = [[Pathological fracture]], [[spinal cord compression]], [[hypercalcemia]]
			\| onset = Varies depending on primary cancer
			\| duration = Chronic
			\| causes = [[Cancer]] spread from another part of the body
			\| risks = [[Breast cancer]], [[prostate cancer]], [[lung cancer]], [[kidney cancer]], [[thyroid cancer]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Bone scan]], [[X-ray]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI]], [[PET scan]]
			\| differential = [[Primary bone tumor]], [[osteomyelitis]], [[arthritis]]
			\| treatment = [[Radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]], [[bisphosphonates]], [[surgery]]
			\| medication = [[Bisphosphonates]], [[denosumab]], [[pain management]]
			\| prognosis = Depends on primary cancer and extent of metastasis
			\| frequency = Common in advanced cancer
			}}
			[[File:3D_rendered_CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpg\|3D rendered CT of hip bone metastases\|left\|thumb]] [[File:ScleroticMets.PNG\|ScleroticMets\|left\|thumb]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg\|Metastasis sites for common cancers\|left\|thumb]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg#Summary\|Metastasis sites for common cancers#Summary\|left\|thumb]] [[File:CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpeg\|CT of hip bone metastases\|left\|thumb]] '''Bone metastasis''' refers to the spread of [[cancer]] cells from their original (primary) site to the [[bone]]. It is a common occurrence in advanced cancers, particularly those of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney. Bone metastases can lead to serious health complications, including pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood), significantly impacting a patient's quality of life.
	==Causes and Pathophysiology==		==Causes and Pathophysiology==
	The process of bone metastasis involves several steps. Cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant sites, where they can invade and grow in the bone tissue. This process is facilitated by interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The [[RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway]] is one such mechanism that plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and is often exploited by cancer cells to promote bone destruction and metastasis.		The process of bone metastasis involves several steps. Cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant sites, where they can invade and grow in the bone tissue. This process is facilitated by interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The [[RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway]] is one such mechanism that plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and is often exploited by cancer cells to promote bone destruction and metastasis.

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	Symptoms of bone metastasis vary depending on the location and size of the metastases but may include:		Symptoms of bone metastasis vary depending on the location and size of the metastases but may include:
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	* Spinal cord compression, leading to pain, weakness, or paralysis		* Spinal cord compression, leading to pain, weakness, or paralysis
	* Hypercalcemia, causing nausea, vomiting, confusion, and lethargy		* Hypercalcemia, causing nausea, vomiting, confusion, and lethargy

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of bone metastasis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Common imaging tests include:		Diagnosis of bone metastasis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Common imaging tests include:
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	* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], used to detect bone and soft tissue changes		* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], used to detect bone and soft tissue changes
	* [[Bone scan]], which involves injecting a radioactive substance to detect bone changes		* [[Bone scan]], which involves injecting a radioactive substance to detect bone changes

	In some cases, a [[biopsy]] may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of cancer cells present.		In some cases, a [[biopsy]] may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of cancer cells present.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment for bone metastasis aims to relieve symptoms, reduce complications, and improve quality of life. Options include:		Treatment for bone metastasis aims to relieve symptoms, reduce complications, and improve quality of life. Options include:
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	* [[Surgery]], to repair fractures or stabilize the bone		* [[Surgery]], to repair fractures or stabilize the bone
	* Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the type of primary cancer		* Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the type of primary cancer

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis for patients with bone metastasis varies widely and depends on factors such as the type of primary cancer, the extent of bone involvement, and the patient's overall health. While bone metastasis can significantly affect morbidity and mortality, advances in treatment have improved the management of symptoms and complications, contributing to better quality of life and extended survival for many patients.		The prognosis for patients with bone metastasis varies widely and depends on factors such as the type of primary cancer, the extent of bone involvement, and the patient's overall health. While bone metastasis can significantly affect morbidity and mortality, advances in treatment have improved the management of symptoms and complications, contributing to better quality of life and extended survival for many patients.

	[[Category:Oncology]]		[[Category:Oncology]]
	[[Category:Bone]]		[[Category:Bone]]
	[[Category:Metastasis]]		[[Category:Metastasis]]

	{{medicine-stub}}		{{medicine-stub}}

Prab: CSV import

2024-04-19T21:21:36Z

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[[File:3D_rendered_CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpg|3D rendered CT of hip bone metastases|thumb]] [[File:ScleroticMets.PNG|ScleroticMets|thumb|left]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg|Metastasis sites for common cancers|thumb|left]] [[File:Metastasis_sites_for_common_cancers.svg#Summary|Metastasis sites for common cancers#Summary|thumb]] [[File:CT_of_hip_bone_metastases.jpeg|CT of hip bone metastases|thumb]] '''Bone metastasis''' refers to the spread of [[cancer]] cells from their original (primary) site to the [[bone]]. It is a common occurrence in advanced cancers, particularly those of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney. Bone metastases can lead to serious health complications, including pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood), significantly impacting a patient's quality of life.

==Causes and Pathophysiology==
The process of bone metastasis involves several steps. Cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant sites, where they can invade and grow in the bone tissue. This process is facilitated by interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The [[RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway]] is one such mechanism that plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and is often exploited by cancer cells to promote bone destruction and metastasis.

==Symptoms==
Symptoms of bone metastasis vary depending on the location and size of the metastases but may include:
* Pain, often worsening with movement
* Fractures, due to weakened bone
* Spinal cord compression, leading to pain, weakness, or paralysis
* Hypercalcemia, causing nausea, vomiting, confusion, and lethargy

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of bone metastasis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Common imaging tests include:
* [[X-ray]]s, which can show bone changes
* [[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]], providing detailed images of the bone and surrounding tissues
* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], used to detect bone and soft tissue changes
* [[Bone scan]], which involves injecting a radioactive substance to detect bone changes

In some cases, a [[biopsy]] may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of cancer cells present.

==Treatment==
Treatment for bone metastasis aims to relieve symptoms, reduce complications, and improve quality of life. Options include:
* [[Pain management]], using medications, radiation therapy, or surgical interventions
* [[Bisphosphonates]] or [[denosumab]], to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures
* [[Radiation therapy]], to relieve pain and control tumor growth
* [[Surgery]], to repair fractures or stabilize the bone
* Systemic therapies, such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the type of primary cancer

==Prognosis==
The prognosis for patients with bone metastasis varies widely and depends on factors such as the type of primary cancer, the extent of bone involvement, and the patient's overall health. While bone metastasis can significantly affect morbidity and mortality, advances in treatment have improved the management of symptoms and complications, contributing to better quality of life and extended survival for many patients.

[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Bone]]
[[Category:Metastasis]]

{{medicine-stub}}

Bone metastasis - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import