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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Body image disturbance
			\| image = [[File:Hilde_Bruch,_clinical_professor_of_psychiatry.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Hilde Bruch, clinical professor of psychiatry]]
			\| caption = Hilde Bruch, clinical professor of psychiatry
			\| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Psychology]]
			\| symptoms = Distorted perception of one's body, dissatisfaction with body appearance
			\| complications = [[Eating disorders]], [[Depression (mood)\|depression]], [[Anxiety disorder\|anxiety]]
			\| onset = Typically during [[adolescence]]
			\| duration = Can be [[chronic (medicine)\|chronic]]
			\| causes = [[Cultural influences]], [[media]], [[peer pressure]], [[psychological factors]]
			\| risks = [[Adolescence]], [[low self-esteem]], [[perfectionism]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[psychological evaluation]]
			\| differential = [[Body dysmorphic disorder]], [[eating disorders]], [[depression]]
			\| prevention = [[Education]], [[media literacy]], [[psychotherapy]]
			\| treatment = [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[psychotherapy]], [[medication]]
			\| prognosis = Varies; can improve with treatment
			\| frequency = Common, especially among adolescents and young adults
			}}
			[[File:Hilde_Bruch,_clinical_professor_of_psychiatry.jpg\|Hilde Bruch, clinical professor of psychiatry\|left\|thumb]]
			[[File:Virtual-reality-woman.jpg\|Virtual reality woman\|left\|thumb]]
			[[File:Hoop_training.png\|Hoop training\|thumb]]
	'''Body Image Disturbance''' (BID), also known as '''Body Dysmorphic Disorder''' (BDD), is a significant and often debilitating mental health condition characterized by a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, which are not observable or appear slight to others. This condition falls under the umbrella of [[Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]] in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)]].		'''Body Image Disturbance''' (BID), also known as '''Body Dysmorphic Disorder''' (BDD), is a significant and often debilitating mental health condition characterized by a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, which are not observable or appear slight to others. This condition falls under the umbrella of [[Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]] in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)]].

	==Definition and Symptoms==		==Definition and Symptoms==
	Body Image Disturbance involves persistent and intrusive thoughts about perceived physical imperfections, leading to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Individuals with BID may engage in repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing their appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns.		Body Image Disturbance involves persistent and intrusive thoughts about perceived physical imperfections, leading to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Individuals with BID may engage in repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing their appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns.

	Symptoms of BID can vary widely but commonly include:		Symptoms of BID can vary widely but commonly include:
	* Excessive preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that is not observable or appears minor to others.		* Excessive preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that is not observable or appears minor to others.
	* Engaging in behaviors aimed at fixing or hiding the perceived flaw.		* Engaging in behaviors aimed at fixing or hiding the perceived flaw.
	* Frequently seeking reassurance about ~~one’s~~ appearance from others.		* Frequently seeking reassurance about one‚Äôs appearance from others.
	* Avoidance of social situations or activities due to embarrassment or fear of being judged about the perceived flaw.		* Avoidance of social situations or activities due to embarrassment or fear of being judged about the perceived flaw.

	==Causes and Risk Factors==		==Causes and Risk Factors==
	The exact cause of Body Image Disturbance is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include:		The exact cause of Body Image Disturbance is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include:
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	* Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism.		* Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism.
	* Co-occurring mental health disorders, such as [[depression]] or [[anxiety disorders]].		* Co-occurring mental health disorders, such as [[depression]] or [[anxiety disorders]].

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of BID involves a comprehensive clinical interview that assesses the individual's concerns about appearance, the impact of these concerns on functioning, and the presence of repetitive behaviors or mental acts related to the appearance concerns. The DSM-5 criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder provide a framework for diagnosis.		Diagnosis of BID involves a comprehensive clinical interview that assesses the individual's concerns about appearance, the impact of these concerns on functioning, and the presence of repetitive behaviors or mental acts related to the appearance concerns. The DSM-5 criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder provide a framework for diagnosis.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment for Body Image Disturbance typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most evidence-based type of psychotherapy for BID, focusing on identifying and challenging negative thoughts about body image and reducing avoidance behaviors. In some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.		Treatment for Body Image Disturbance typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most evidence-based type of psychotherapy for BID, focusing on identifying and challenging negative thoughts about body image and reducing avoidance behaviors. In some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	With appropriate treatment, individuals with Body Image Disturbance can experience significant improvement in symptoms and functioning. However, the condition can be chronic, and ongoing treatment may be necessary to maintain gains and prevent relapse.		With appropriate treatment, individuals with Body Image Disturbance can experience significant improvement in symptoms and functioning. However, the condition can be chronic, and ongoing treatment may be necessary to maintain gains and prevent relapse.

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[Eating Disorders]]		* [[Eating Disorders]]
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	* [[Self-esteem]]		* [[Self-esteem]]
	* [[Mental Health]]		* [[Mental Health]]

	[[Category:Mental Health Disorders]]		[[Category:Mental Health Disorders]]
	[[Category:Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]]		[[Category:Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]]

	{{Medicine-stub}}		{{Medicine-stub}}
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Hilde_Bruch,_clinical_professor_of_psychiatry.jpg\|Hilde Bruch, clinical professor of psychiatry~~
	~~File:Virtual-reality-woman.jpg\|Virtual reality woman~~
	~~File:Hoop_training.png\|Hoop training~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	{{Medicine-stub}}		{{Medicine-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Hilde_Bruch,_clinical_professor_of_psychiatry.jpg\|Hilde Bruch, clinical professor of psychiatry
			File:Virtual-reality-woman.jpg\|Virtual reality woman
			File:Hoop_training.png\|Hoop training
			</gallery>

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'''Body Image Disturbance''' (BID), also known as '''Body Dysmorphic Disorder''' (BDD), is a significant and often debilitating mental health condition characterized by a preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, which are not observable or appear slight to others. This condition falls under the umbrella of [[Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]] in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)]].

==Definition and Symptoms==
Body Image Disturbance involves persistent and intrusive thoughts about perceived physical imperfections, leading to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Individuals with BID may engage in repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing their appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns.

Symptoms of BID can vary widely but commonly include:
* Excessive preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that is not observable or appears minor to others.
* Engaging in behaviors aimed at fixing or hiding the perceived flaw.
* Frequently seeking reassurance about one’s appearance from others.
* Avoidance of social situations or activities due to embarrassment or fear of being judged about the perceived flaw.

==Causes and Risk Factors==
The exact cause of Body Image Disturbance is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors may include:
* A history of teasing or bullying related to appearance.
* Exposure to societal or media ideals of beauty.
* Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism.
* Co-occurring mental health disorders, such as [[depression]] or [[anxiety disorders]].

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of BID involves a comprehensive clinical interview that assesses the individual's concerns about appearance, the impact of these concerns on functioning, and the presence of repetitive behaviors or mental acts related to the appearance concerns. The DSM-5 criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder provide a framework for diagnosis.

==Treatment==
Treatment for Body Image Disturbance typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most evidence-based type of psychotherapy for BID, focusing on identifying and challenging negative thoughts about body image and reducing avoidance behaviors. In some cases, medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed to help reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

==Prognosis==
With appropriate treatment, individuals with Body Image Disturbance can experience significant improvement in symptoms and functioning. However, the condition can be chronic, and ongoing treatment may be necessary to maintain gains and prevent relapse.

==See Also==
* [[Eating Disorders]]
* [[Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)]]
* [[Self-esteem]]
* [[Mental Health]]

[[Category:Mental Health Disorders]]
[[Category:Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders]]

{{Medicine-stub}}

Body image disturbance - Revision history

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