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2025-04-05T23:21:30Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 5 April 2025
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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Blepharospasm
			\| image = [[File:JimCarter1976Photo.gif\|alt=Photo of a person with blepharospasm]]
			\| image_size = 250px
			\| alt = A person with blepharospasm
			\| caption = A person with blepharospasm
			\| field = [[Neurology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Involuntary]] [[eye]] [[muscle]] [[contraction]]
			\| complications = [[Vision impairment]], [[social anxiety]]
			\| onset = Typically [[adulthood]]
			\| duration = [[Chronic]]
			\| causes = [[Idiopathic]], [[genetic predisposition]], [[environmental factors]]
			\| risks = [[Family history]], [[stress]], [[fatigue]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]]
			\| differential = [[Hemifacial spasm]], [[Meige syndrome]], [[dry eye syndrome]]
			\| treatment = [[Botulinum toxin]] injections, [[medication]], [[surgery]]
			\| medication = [[Anticholinergics]], [[muscle relaxants]]
			\| frequency = Rare
			\| deaths = Not directly fatal
			}}
	==Other names==		==Other names==
	Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB)		Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB)

	~~[[File:JimCarter1976Photo.gif\|thumb\|Jimmy Carter with benign essential blepharospasm]]~~
	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==

	*It is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary [[muscle contractions]] and [[spasms]] of the eyelid muscles.		*It is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary [[muscle contractions]] and [[spasms]] of the eyelid muscles.
	*It is a form of [[dystonia,]] a movement disorder in which muscle contractions cause sustained eyelid closure, twitching or repetitive movements.		*It is a form of [[dystonia,]] a movement disorder in which muscle contractions cause sustained eyelid closure, twitching or repetitive movements.

	==Onset==		==Onset==

	*Benign essential blepharospasm begins gradually with increased frequency of eye blinking often associated with eye irritation.		*Benign essential blepharospasm begins gradually with increased frequency of eye blinking often associated with eye irritation.
	*Other symptoms may include increasing difficulty in keeping the eyes open, and light sensitivity.		*Other symptoms may include increasing difficulty in keeping the eyes open, and light sensitivity.
	*Generally, the spasms occur during the day, disappear in sleep, and reappear after waking.		*Generally, the spasms occur during the day, disappear in sleep, and reappear after waking.

	==Progression==		==Progression==
	As the condition progresses, the spasms may intensify, forcing the eyelids to remain closed for long periods of time, and thereby causing substantial visual disturbance or functional blindness.		As the condition progresses, the spasms may intensify, forcing the eyelids to remain closed for long periods of time, and thereby causing substantial visual disturbance or functional blindness.

	==Functional blindness==		==Functional blindness==

	It is important to note that the blindness is caused solely by the uncontrollable closing of the eyelids and not by a dysfunction of the eyes. Benign essential blepharospasm occurs in both men and women, although it is especially common in middle-aged and elderly women.		It is important to note that the blindness is caused solely by the uncontrollable closing of the eyelids and not by a dysfunction of the eyes. Benign essential blepharospasm occurs in both men and women, although it is especially common in middle-aged and elderly women.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	With [[botulinum toxin]] treatment most individuals with BEB have substantial relief of symptoms. Although some may experience side effects such as [[drooping eyelids]], blurred or [[double vision]], and eye dryness, these side effects are usually only temporary.		With [[botulinum toxin]] treatment most individuals with BEB have substantial relief of symptoms. Although some may experience side effects such as [[drooping eyelids]], blurred or [[double vision]], and eye dryness, these side effects are usually only temporary.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==

	*In most cases of BEB the treatment of choice is botulinum toxin injections which relax the muscles and stop the spasms.		*In most cases of BEB the treatment of choice is botulinum toxin injections which relax the muscles and stop the spasms.
	*Other treatment options include medications (drug therapy) or surgery--either local surgery of the eye muscles or deep brain stimulation surgery.		*Other treatment options include medications (drug therapy) or surgery--either local surgery of the eye muscles or deep brain stimulation surgery.

Prab at 18:39, 3 September 2023

2023-09-03T18:39:10Z

New page

==Other names==
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB)

[[File:JimCarter1976Photo.gif|thumb|Jimmy Carter with benign essential blepharospasm]]
==Pathophysiology==

*It is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary [[muscle contractions]] and [[spasms]] of the eyelid muscles.
*It is a form of [[dystonia,]] a movement disorder in which muscle contractions cause sustained eyelid closure, twitching or repetitive movements.

==Onset==

*Benign essential blepharospasm begins gradually with increased frequency of eye blinking often associated with eye irritation.
*Other symptoms may include increasing difficulty in keeping the eyes open, and light sensitivity.
*Generally, the spasms occur during the day, disappear in sleep, and reappear after waking.

==Progression==
As the condition progresses, the spasms may intensify, forcing the eyelids to remain closed for long periods of time, and thereby causing substantial visual disturbance or functional blindness.

==Functional blindness==

*It is important to note that the blindness is caused solely by the uncontrollable closing of the eyelids and not by a dysfunction of the eyes. * Benign essential blepharospasm occurs in both men and women, although it is especially common in middle-aged and elderly women.

==Prognosis==
With [[botulinum toxin]] treatment most individuals with BEB have substantial relief of symptoms. Although some may experience side effects such as [[drooping eyelids]], blurred or [[double vision]], and eye dryness, these side effects are usually only temporary.

==Treatment==

*In most cases of BEB the treatment of choice is botulinum toxin injections which relax the muscles and stop the spasms.
*Other treatment options include medications (drug therapy) or surgery--either local surgery of the eye muscles or deep brain stimulation surgery.
{{stub}}
{{CNS diseases of the nervous system}}
[[Category:Extrapyramidal and movement disorders]]
[[Category:Dystonia]]
[[Category:Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit]]

Blepharospasm - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab at 18:39, 3 September 2023