Deepika vegiraju at 14:17, 12 November 2022

2022-11-12T14:17:31Z

New page

== '''What is Benzatropine?''' ==

* Benzatropine ('''Cogentin''') possesses both [[anticholinergic]] and [[antihistaminic]] effects used to treat a type of movement disorder due to [[antipsychotics]] known as [[dystonia]] and [[parkinsonism]].
* It is not useful for [[tardive dyskinesia]].

[[File:Benzatropine.svg|thumb|Benzatropine]]

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=lXXMwegboHc
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/v=lXXMwegboHc
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==

Benzatropine ('''Cogentin''') is used as an [[adjunct]] in the therapy of all forms of [[parkinsonism]].
It is also used in the control of [[Extrapyramidal Disorder|extrapyramidal disorders]] (except [[tardive dyskinesia]]) due to [[Neuroleptic agents|neuroleptic drugs]] (e.g., [[phenothiazine]]'s).

'''Limitations of use:'''
* It is not useful for [[tardive dyskinesia]].

== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=21i0YYWvwu4
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v=21i0YYWvwu4
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

* Benztropine is in a class of medications called '''[[anticholinergics]]'''.
* It w'''orks by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine)''' to help to decrease symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease.
* The anticholinergic activity of this drug is about equal to that of [[atropine]].

== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==

This medicine cannot be used in patients with:
* [[Hypersensitivity]] to benztropine mesylate.
* in pediatric patients under three years of age.

== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==

* Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Be sure to mention any of the following:
* [[tricyclic antidepressants]] such as [[desipramine]] (Norpramin)
* [[clomipramine]] (Anafranil)
* [[imipramine]] (Tofranil)
* [[trimipramine]] (Surmontil)
* [[haloperidol]] (Haldol)

== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==

* Benzatropine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1954.
* It is available as a generic medication.
* In 2020, it was the 229th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.

== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==

'''Recommended dosage:'''
'''Postencephalitic and Idiopathic Parkinsonism:'''
* The usual daily dose is 1 to 2 mg, with a range of 0.5 to 6 mg orally.
* As with any agent used in [[parkinsonism]], dosage must be individualized according to age and weight and the type of parkinsonism being treated.
* Benztropine mesylate may be used concomitantly with [[Carbidopa/Levodopa|Carbidopa-Levodopa]], or with [[levodopa]], in which case periodic dosage adjustment may be required in order to maintain optimum response.

'''Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Disorders:'''
* In treating [[Extrapyramidal Disorder|extrapyramidal disorders]] due to neuroleptic drugs (e.g., [[phenothiazines]]), the recommended dosage is 1 to 4 mg once or twice a day orally.
* Dosage must be individualized according to the need of the patient.
* Some patients require more than recommended; others do not need as much.
* In [[acute]] [[dystonic]] reactions, 1 to 2 mL of the injection usually relieves the condition quickly.
* After that, the tablets 1 to 2 mg twice a day, usually prevents recurrence.

'''Administration:'''
* Benztropine comes as a tablet to take by mouth.
* It usually is taken at bedtime.
* It is usually taken once daily but may be taken up to four times a day depending on your symptoms.
* Take benztropine at around the same time(s) every day.
* Your doctor may start with a small dose and increase it slowly after seeing your response to benztropine.
* Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.
* Do not stop taking benztropine suddenly without talking with your doctor, especially if you are also taking other medications.
* Sudden stoppage can cause symptoms of Parkinson's disease to return.

== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
* As tablet, for oral administration, contains 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2 mg of benztropine mesylate.
* As Benztropine mesylate Injection is supplied as a sterile injection for intravenous and intramuscular use.

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
* '''Cogentin'''

=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==

The most common side effects of this medicine include:
* [[Tachycardia]]
* [[Paralytic ileus]]
* [[constipation]]
* vomiting
* [[nausea]]
* [[dry mouth]]
* confusion
* [[disorientation]]
* memory impairment
* visual [[hallucinations]]
* [[nervousness]]
* [[depression]]
* listlessness
* numbness of fingers
* [[Blurred vision]]
* [[dilated pupils]]
* [[Urinary retention]]
* [[dysuria]]
* skin rash
* [[Heat stroke]]
* [[hyperthermia]]
* fever

==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==

* Benztropine mesylate may impair mental and/or physical abilities required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.
* Patients should be advised to report [[gastrointestinal]] complaints, fever or heat intolerance promptly.
* [[Paralytic ileus]], [[hyperthermia]] and [[heat stroke]], all of which have sometimes been fatal, have occurred in patients taking anti-cholinergic-type antiparkinsonism drugs, including benztropine mesylate, in combination with [[phenothiazines]] and/or [[tricyclic antidepressants]].
* Since benztropine mesylate contains structural features of [[atropine]], it may produce [[anhidrosis]]. For this reason, it should be administered with caution during hot weather, especially when given concomitantly with other atropine-like drugs to the chronically ill, the alcoholic, those who have [[central nervous system]] disease, and those who do manual labor in a hot environment. If there is evidence of anhidrosis, the possibility of [[hyperthermia]] should be considered. Dosage should be decreased.

== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

Symptoms of overdose may include:
* CNS depression
* confusion
* nervousness
* listlessness
* hallucinations
* dizziness
* muscle weakness
* ataxia
* dry mouth
* mydriasis
* blurred vision
* palpitations
* tachycardia
* elevated blood pressure
* nausea
* vomiting
* dysuria
* numbness of fingers
* dysphagia
* allergic reactions
* skin rash
* headache
* hot, dry, flushed skin
* delirium
* coma
* shock
* convulsions
* respiratory arrest
* anhidrosis
* hyperthermia
* glaucoma
* constipation

Management of overdosage:
* [[Physostigmine Salicylate|Physostigmine salicylate]], 1 to 2 mg, SC or IV, reportedly will reverse symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication.
* A second injection may be given after 2 hours if required.
* Otherwise treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
* Induce [[emesis]] or perform [[gastric lavage]].
* Maintain [[respiration]].
* A short-acting barbiturate may be used for CNS excitement.
* Use artificial respiration for severe [[respiratory depression]] and a local miotic for [[mydriasis]] and [[cycloplegia]].
* Use ice bags or other cold applications and alcohol sponges for [[hyperpyrexia]], a [[vasopressor]] and fluids for [[circulatory collapse]].
* Darken room for [[photophobia]].

== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==

* Safe use in pregnancy has not been established.

=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==

* This drug is contraindicated in pediatric patients under three years of age, and should be used with caution in older pediatric patients.

== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==

'''Active Ingredients:'''
* BENZTROPINE MESYLATE

'''Inactive Ingredients:'''
* WATER
* SODIUM CHLORIDE

== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==

* Manufactured in the USA for: [[Nexus Pharmaceuticals Inc|Nexus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]], Lincolnshire, IL
* Registered trademark of [[Merck & Co., Inc.|MERCK & CO., Inc.]]

== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

* Store at 25°C (77°F): excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59 to 86°F), protect from light, retain in carton until time of use.

{{coststubd}}
{{Antiparkinson}}
{{Histamine receptor modulators}}
{{Monoamine reuptake inhibitors}}
{{Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators}}
{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
[[Category:Dopamine reuptake inhibitors]]
[[Category:Diphenylmethanol ethers]]
[[Category:Muscarinic antagonists]]
[[Category:Tardive dyskinesia]]
[[Category:Tropanes]]
[[Category:Oneirogens]]

Benzatropine - Revision history

Deepika vegiraju at 14:17, 12 November 2022