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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Backflow_preventer_in_front_of_residential_building.jpg|Backflow preventer in front of residential building|thumb]] '''Backflow''' is a term used in [[plumbing]] and [[water supply systems]] to describe the unwanted reverse flow of water or mixtures of water and other undesirable substances into the [[potable water]] supply. Backflow can pose significant health risks, as it can lead to contamination of the water supply with pollutants, chemicals, or biological agents. Understanding, preventing, and correcting backflow issues are critical aspects of [[water supply system]] management.<br />
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==Causes of Backflow==<br />
Backflow can occur due to two main conditions: backpressure and backsiphonage.<br />
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* '''Backpressure''' happens when the pressure in a non-potable system exceeds the pressure in the potable system, causing water to flow in the reverse direction.<br />
* '''Backsiphonage''' is a result of negative pressure in the supply piping, similar to the effect of sipping a drink through a straw. This can happen during a break in a water main or when a fire hydrant is used, leading to a drop in water pressure.<br />
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==Prevention==<br />
To prevent backflow, various devices and assemblies are installed in water supply systems. These include:<br />
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* '''Air gap''': The simplest and most reliable means of backflow prevention, an air gap is a physical separation between the end of a water supply outlet and the flood-level rim of a receiving vessel.<br />
* '''Backflow prevention devices''': These devices include check valves, reduced pressure zones (RPZ), and vacuum breakers, which are designed to prevent contaminated water from flowing back into the clean water supply.<br />
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==Regulations and Standards==<br />
Many jurisdictions have regulations and standards in place to ensure that backflow prevention devices are installed and maintained in water supply systems. These regulations are often enforced by local [[water supply]] authorities or health departments, requiring periodic testing and certification of backflow prevention devices by qualified personnel.<br />
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==Health Risks==<br />
The health risks associated with backflow can be significant, as contaminants that enter the potable water supply can lead to waterborne diseases and other health hazards. Contaminants can include bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and other substances that are harmful to human health.<br />
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==Conclusion==<br />
Backflow prevention is a critical aspect of maintaining the safety and integrity of potable water supplies. Through the use of appropriate prevention devices and adherence to regulations and standards, the risks associated with backflow can be minimized, protecting public health and ensuring the quality of drinking water.<br />
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[[Category:Plumbing]]<br />
[[Category:Water supply]]<br />
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